(ʱ¼ä£º90·ÖÖÓ£¬Âú·Ö£º100·Ö)
Ò»¡¢Ñ¡ÔñÌâ(±¾Ìâ°üÀ¨15СÌ⣬ÿСÌâ3·Ö£¬¹²45·Ö£¬Ã¿Ð¡ÌâÖ»ÓÐÒ»¸öÑ¡Ïî·ûºÏÌâÒâ) 1£®ÏÂÁи÷ÎïÖÊÖеÄÖÐÐÄÔ×Ó²»ÊDzÉÓÃsp3ÔÓ»¯µÄÊÇ( ) A£®NH3 B£®H2O C£®CO2 D£®CCl4
½âÎö£ºÑ¡C¡£NH3ΪÈý½Ç×¶ÐΣ¬µ«ÖÐÐÄÔ×ÓµªÔ×Ó²ÉÓÃsp3ÔÓ»¯£¬ÐγÉ4¸öµÈͬµÄ¹ìµÀ£¬ÆäÖÐÒ»¸öÓɹµç×Ó¶ÔÕ¼¾Ý£¬ÓàϵÄ3¸öδ³É¶Ôµç×Ó¸÷Õ¼Ò»¸ö¡£H2OΪVÐΣ¬µ«ÆäÖеÄÑõÔ×ÓÒ²ÊDzÉÓÃsp3ÔÓ»¯ÐγÉ4¸öµÈͬµÄ¹ìµÀ£¬ÆäÖÐÁ½¶Ô¹Âµç×Ó¶Ô·Ö±ðÕ¼¾ÝÁ½¸ö¹ìµÀ£¬Ê£ÓàµÄ2¸öδ³É¶Ôµç×Ó¸÷Õ¼Ò»¸ö¡£CCl4·Ö×ÓÖÐCÔ×ÓÒ²²ÉÓÃsp3ÔÓ»¯£¬µ«CO2·Ö×ÓÖÐCÔ×ÓΪspÔÓ»¯£¬CO2ΪֱÏßÐηÖ×Ó¡£
2£®ÏÂÁзÖ×ÓÖÐÓëCO»¥ÎªµÈµç×ÓÌåµÄÊÇ( ) A£®NO B£®O2 C£®N2 D£®NaH
½âÎö£ºÑ¡C¡£¾ßÓÐÏàͬ¼Ûµç×ÓÊýºÍÏàͬÔ×ÓÊýµÄ·Ö×Ó»òÀë×Ó»¥ÎªµÈµç×ÓÌå¡£Ò»¸öCO·Ö×Óº¬ÓÐ2¸öÔ×Ó¡¢10(¼´6£«4)¸ö¼Ûµç×Ó£¬Òò´ËCOµÄµÈµç×ÓÌåÒ²Ó¦¸Ãº¬ÓÐ2¸öÔ×Ó¡¢10¸ö¼Ûµç×Ó¡£Ò»¸öNO·Ö×Óº¬ÓÐ2¸öÔ×Ó¡¢11(¼´6£«5)¸ö¼Ûµç×Ó£»Ò»¸öO2·Ö×Óº¬ÓÐ2¸öÔ×Ó¡¢12(¼´2¡Á6)¸ö¼Ûµç×Ó£»Ò»¸öN2·Ö×Óº¬ÓÐ2¸öÔ×Ó¡¢10(¼´2¡Á5)¸ö¼Ûµç×Ó£¬Òò´Ë£¬N2ÊÇCOµÄµÈµç×ÓÌå¡£NaHÊÇÀë×Ó»¯ºÏÎ¼È²»ÊÇ·Ö×ÓÒ²²»ÊÇÀë×Ó£¬²»ÊôÓڵȵç×ÓÌå·¶³ë¡£
3£®ÏÂÁи÷×éÀë×ÓÖÐÒòÓÐÅäλÀë×ÓÉú³É¶ø²»ÄÜ´óÁ¿¹²´æµÄÊÇ( )
£«£«££
A£®K¡¢Na¡¢Cl¡¢NO3
£«£«££
B£®Mg2¡¢Ca2¡¢SO24¡¢OH
£«£«£«£
C£®Fe2¡¢Fe3¡¢H¡¢NO3
£«£«££
D£®Ba2¡¢Fe3¡¢Cl¡¢SCN ´ð°¸£ºD
4£®ÔÚÒÒÏ©·Ö×ÓÖÐÓÐ5¸ö¦Ò¼ü¡¢1¸ö¦Ð¼ü£¬ËüÃÇ·Ö±ðÊÇ( ) A£®sp2ÔÓ»¯¹ìµÀÐγɦҼü¡¢Î´ÔÓ»¯µÄ2p¹ìµÀÐγɦмü B£®sp2ÔÓ»¯¹ìµÀÐγɦмü¡¢Î´ÔÓ»¯µÄ2p¹ìµÀÐγɦҼü
C£®C¡ªHÖ®¼äÊÇsp2ÐγɵĦҼü£¬C¡ªCÖ®¼äÊÇδ²Î¼ÓÔÓ»¯µÄ2p¹ìµÀÐγɵĦмü D£®C¡ªCÖ®¼äÊÇsp2ÐγɵĦҼü£¬C¡ªHÖ®¼äÊÇδ²Î¼ÓÔÓ»¯µÄ2p¹ìµÀÐγɵĦмü ½âÎö£ºÑ¡A¡£ÒÒÏ©·Ö×ÓÖÐCÔ×Ó·¢Éúsp2ÔÓ»¯£¬ÔÓ»¯¹ìµÀ¹²ÐγÉ4¸öC¡ªH ¦Ò¼ü£¬1¸öC¡ªC ¦Ò¼ü£¬Î´ÔÓ»¯µÄ2p¹ìµÀÐγɦмü£¬AÏî˵·¨ÕýÈ·¡£
5£®ÏÂÁзÖ×ÓºÍÀë×ÓÖÐÖÐÐÄÔ×Ó¼Û²ãµç×Ó¶Ô¼¸ºÎ¹¹ÐÍΪËÄÃæÌåÇÒ·Ö×Ó»òÀë×ӿռ乹ÐÍΪVÐεÄÊÇ( )
A£®NH£«4 B£®PH3
£«
C£®H3O D£®OF2
½âÎö£ºÑ¡D¡£ÖÐÐÄÔ×Ó¼Û²ãµç×Ó¶Ô¹¹ÐÍΪËÄÃæÌ壬ËùÒÔÓ¦¸ÃÊÇsp3ÔÓ»¯£¬VÐνṹֻÓÐ
£«
3¸öÔ×Ó×é³É£¬ËùÒÔÑ¡ÏîD¶Ô¡£AÑ¡ÏîÈý½Ç×¶ÐεÄNH3½áºÏÒ»¸öHÐγÉËÄÃæÌå¡£BÖÐPH3 Ϊ
£«£«
Èý½Ç×¶ÐΡ£CÖÐH3OΪVÐÎH2O½áºÏÒ»¸öHÐÎ³ÉÆ½ÃæÈý½ÇÐΡ£
6£®ÏÂÁйØÓÚÅäºÏÎï×é³ÉµÄ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ( ) A£®ÅäºÏÎïµÄÄÚ½çÊÇÖ¸ÅäºÏÎïÖеÄÑôÀë×Ó
B£®¿ÉÌṩ¿Õ¹ìµÀ½ÓÊܹµç×ӶԵĽðÊôÀë×Ó³£×öÅäºÏÎïµÄÖÐÐÄÔ×Ó C£®ÅäºÏÎïÀë×ÓÖ»ÄÜ´æÔÚÓÚ¾§ÌåÖÐ D£®Na3AlF6µÄÖÐÐÄÔ×ÓÅäλÊýΪ3
½âÎö£ºÑ¡B¡£ÄÚ½çÊÇÖ¸ÓÉÖÐÐÄÔ×ÓÓëÅäλÌå×é³ÉµÄµ¥Ôª£¬ËùÒÔA´íÎó£»ÓÉÅäºÏÎï¿ÉÒÔÐγÉÈÜÒº£¬ÈçÒø°±ÈÜÒºÖдæÔÚÅäºÏÎïÇâÑõ»¯¶þ°±ºÏÒø£¬ËùÒÔC´íÎó£»Na3AlF6µÄÖÐÐÄÔ×ÓÅäλÊýΪ6£¬ËùÒÔD´íÎó¡£
7£®°±Æø·Ö×ӿռ乹ÐÍÊÇÈý½Ç×¶ÐΣ¬¶ø¼×ÍéÊÇÕýËÄÃæÌåÐΣ¬ÕâÊÇÒòΪ( )
A£®Á½ÖÖ·Ö×ÓµÄÖÐÐÄÔ×ÓÔÓ»¯¹ìµÀÀàÐͲ»Í¬£¬NH3Ϊsp2ÐÍÔÓ»¯£¬¶øCH4ÊÇsp3ÐÍÔÓ»¯
1
B£®NH3·Ö×ÓÖеªÔ×ÓÐγÉ3¸öÔÓ»¯¹ìµÀ£¬CH4·Ö×ÓÖÐ̼Ô×ÓÐγÉ4¸öÔÓ»¯¹ìµÀ C£®NH3·Ö×ÓÖÐÓÐÒ»¶Ôδ³É¼üµÄ¹Âµç×Ó¶Ô£¬Ëü¶Ô³É¼üµç×Ó¶ÔµÄÅųâ×÷ÓýÏÇ¿ D£®°±Æø·Ö×ÓÊǼ«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó¶ø¼×ÍéÊǷǼ«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó
½âÎö£ºÑ¡C¡£°±Æø·Ö×Ó¡¢¼×Íé·Ö×ÓÖеĵªÔ×Ó¡¢Ì¼Ô×Ó¶¼²ÉÓÃsp3ÐÍÔÓ»¯£¬µ«ÓÉÓÚNH3
·Ö×ÓÖÐÓÐÒ»¶Ôδ³É¼üµÄ¹Âµç×Ó¶Ô£¬Ëü¶Ô³É¼üµç×Ó¶ÔµÄÅųâ×÷ÓýÏÇ¿£¬µ¼ÖÂÏàÓ¦µÄ¼ü½Ç±äС£¬¿Õ¼ä¹¹ÐÍÏàÓ¦µØÒ²·¢Éú±ä»¯¡£
8£®ÔÚ¼«ÐÔ·Ö×ÓÖУ¬ÕýµçºÉÖØÐÄͬ¸ºµçºÉÖØÐļäµÄ¾àÀë³ÆÅ¼¼«³¤£¬Í¨³£ÓÃd±íʾ¡£¼«ÐÔ·Ö×ӵļ«ÐÔÇ¿Èõͬż¼«³¤ºÍÕý(»ò¸º)µçºÉÖØÐĵĵçÁ¿(q)Óйأ¬Ò»°ãÓÃż¼«¾Ø(¦Ì)À´ºâÁ¿¡£·Ö×ӵĿ¼«¾Ø¶¨ÒåΪż¼«³¤ºÍż¼«ÉÏÒ»¶ËµçºÉµçÁ¿µÄ³Ë»ý£¬¼´¦Ì£½d¡¤q¡£ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ( )
A£®CS2·Ö×ÓÖЦ̣½0
B£®Å¼¼«¾ØµÄ´óС˳ÐòΪÁÚÏõ»ùÂȱ½<¼äÏõ»ùÂȱ½<¶ÔÏõ»ùÂȱ½ C£®ÊµÑé²âµÃ¦Ì(PF3)£½1.03¿ÉÖª£¬PF3·Ö×ÓÊÇÆ½ÃæÈý½Ç¹¹ÐÍ
D£®Öΰ©Ò©Pt(NH3)2Cl2µÄÒ»ÖÖÒì¹¹Ìå¦Ì£¾0£¬ÆäÔÚË®ÖеÄÈܽâÐÔ½ÏС
½âÎö£ºÑ¡A¡£±¾ÌâÊÇÒ»¸öÐÅÏ¢Ì⣬Ê×ÏÈÒªÀí½âż¼«¾ØµÄº¬Òå¡£µ±¦Ì£½0£¬¼´ËµÃ÷d£½0£¬ÒòΪµçÁ¿²»¿ÉÄÜΪ0£¬¶ød£½0£¬Ò²¼´ÊÇÕý¡¢¸ºµçºÉÖØÐÄÖØºÏ£¬Ôòת»¯Îª½Ì²ÄÖеķǼ«ÐÔ·Ö×ӵ͍Òå¡£AÏîCS2·Ö×ÓΪ·Ç¼«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó£¬ËùÒԦ̣½0£¬ÕýÈ·¡£BÏîÖжÔλµÄdÊÇ×îСµÄ£¬¼´¦ÌÊÇ×îСµÄ£¬´íÎó¡£PF3¿ÉÄÜ´æÔÚÆ½ÃæÈý½ÇÐκÍÈý½Ç×¶ÐÎÁ½ÖÖÇé¿ö£¬µ«ÊÇÆ½ÃæÈý½ÇÐεĦ̣½0£¬ËùÒÔPF3ΪÈý½Ç×¶ÐΣ¬CÏî´íÎ󡣦̣¾0ÔòΪ¼«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó£¬¸ù¾ÝÏàËÆÏàÈܹæÔò£¬ÔÚË®ÖеÄÈܽâÐÔÓ¦½Ï´ó£¬DÏî´íÎó¡£
9£®µâµ¥ÖÊÔÚË®ÈÜÒºÖÐÈܽâ¶ÈºÜС£¬µ«ÔÚCCl4ÖÐÈܽâ¶ÈºÜ´ó£¬ÕâÊÇÒòΪ( ) A£®CCl4ÓëI2Ïà¶Ô·Ö×ÓÖÊÁ¿Ïà²î½ÏС£¬¶øH2OÓëI2Ïà¶Ô·Ö×ÓÖÊÁ¿Ïà²î½Ï´ó B£®CCl4ÓëI2¶¼ÊÇÖ±ÏßÐηÖ×Ó£¬¶øH2O²»ÊÇÖ±ÏßÐηÖ×Ó C£®CCl4ºÍI2¶¼²»º¬ÇâÔªËØ£¬¶øH2OÖк¬ÓÐÇâÔªËØ D£®CCl4ºÍI2¶¼ÊǷǼ«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó£¬¶øH2OÊǼ«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó
½âÎö£ºÑ¡D¡£¸ù¾Ý¡°ÏàËÆÏàÈܹæÔò¡±£¬·Ç¼«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó¹¹³ÉµÄÈÜÖÊÒ×ÈÜÓڷǼ«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó¹¹³ÉµÄÈܼÁÖУ»¼«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó¹¹³ÉµÄÈÜÖÊÒ×ÈÜÓÚ¼«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó¹¹³ÉµÄÈܼÁÖС£CCl4ºÍI2¶¼ÊǷǼ«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó£¬H2OÊǼ«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó£¬Ïà±È½Ï¶øÑÔ£¬I2¸üÒ×ÔÚCCl4ÖÐÈÜ½â¶ø²»Ò×ÈÜÓÚË®ÖУ¬DÏîÕýÈ·¡£ÆäÓàÑ¡ÏûÓнÒʾÎÊÌâµÄʵÖÊ¡£
10£®Á½ÖַǽðÊôÔªËØ£¬A¡¢BËùÐγɵÄÏÂÁзÖ×ÓÖУ¬ÊôÓÚ¼«ÐÔ·Ö×ÓµÄÊÇ( )
A£®¢Ù¢Ú B£®¢Ú¢Û C£®¢Û¢Ü D£®¢Ú¢Ü
½âÎö£ºÑ¡D¡£¶ÔÓÚ¶àÔ×Ó·Ö×ÓÊÇ·ñÊǼ«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó£¬È¡¾öÓڽṹÊÇ·ñ¶Ô³Æ£¬Õý¸ºµçºÉµÄÖØÐÄÊÇ·ñÖØºÏ¡£¢ÙÕýËÄÃæÌå¡¢¢ÛÆ½ÃæÕýÈý½ÇÐζ¼Êǽṹ¶Ô³ÆµÄ£¬¶¼ÊǷǼ«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó£¬¶ø¢Ú¢ÜµÄ½á¹¹²»¶Ô³Æ£¬ÊǼ«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó¡£
11£®ÏÂÁзÖ×ÓÖУ¬ÖÐÐÄÔ×ÓΪsp3ÔÓ»¯ÇÒÊôÓÚ¼«ÐÔ·Ö×ÓµÄÊÇ( ) A£®NH3 B£®BF3 C£®CO D£®CCl4
½âÎö£ºÑ¡A¡£AÏîÖÐNH3ËäȻֻÐγÉÈý¸ö¹²¼Û¼üµ«È´ÊÇsp3ÔÓ»¯£¬ÆäÖÐNµÄÒ»¶Ô¹Âµç×Ó¶ÔÕ¼Ò»¸ö¹ìµÀ£¬Èý¸öδ³É¶Ôµç×Ó¸÷Õ¼ÆäÓàÈý¸ö¹ìµÀ£»BÏîÖÐBF3ÊÇsp2ÔÓ»¯ÇÒÊôÓڷǼ«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó£»CÏîÖÐCOÊôÓÚ¼«ÐÔ·Ö×Óµ«CÔ×Ó²»ÊÇsp3ÔÓ»¯£»DÏîÖÐCÔ×ÓÊÇsp3ÔÓ»¯£¬µ«CCl4 ÊÇ
2
·Ç¼«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó¡£
12£®Ïòº¬µÈÎïÖʵÄÁ¿µÄ[Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl¡¢[Co(NH3)6]Cl3¡¢[Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2µÄÈÜÒºÖзֱð¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿µÄAgNO3ÈÜÒº£¬Éú³ÉAgCl³ÁµíµÄÖÊÁ¿±ÈÊÇ( )
A£®1¡Ã2¡Ã3 B£®2¡Ã1¡Ã3 C£®1¡Ã3¡Ã2 D£®3¡Ã2¡Ã1
££«£
½âÎö£ºÑ¡C¡£ÔÚÅäºÏÎïÍâ½çÖеÄClÒ×·¢ÉúµçÀ룬µçÀëºóÓëAgNO3·¢ÉúAg£«Cl===AgCl¡ý£¬¶øÄÚ½çÖÐÅäλÀë×ÓÄÑÒÔµçÀ룬²»ÓëAgNO3·´Ó¦¡£
13£®ÏÂÁйØÓÚÔÓ»¯¹ìµÀµÄÐðÊöÖУ¬²»ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ( )
A£®·Ö×ÓÖÐÖÐÐÄÔ×Óͨ¹ýsp3ÔÓ»¯³É¼üʱ£¬¸Ã·Ö×Ó²»Ò»¶¨ÎªÕýËÄÃæÌå½á¹¹ B£®ÔÓ»¯¹ìµÀÖ»ÓÃÓÚÐγɦҼü»òÓÃÓÚÈÝÄÉδ²ÎÓë³É¼üµÄ¹Âµç×Ó¶Ô
£«
C£®[Cu(NH3)4]2ºÍCH4Á½ÖÖ΢Á£ÖÐÖÐÐÄÔ×ÓCuºÍC¶¼ÊÇͨ¹ýsp3ÔÓ»¯¹ìµÀ³É¼ü D£®CCl4·Ö×ÓÖÐÓÐËĸöÍêÈ«µÈͬµÄ¦Ò¼ü
½âÎö£ºÑ¡C¡£·Ö×ÓÖÐÖÐÐÄÔ×Óͨ¹ýsp3ÔÓ»¯¹ìµÀ³É¼üʱ£¬¸Ã·Ö×Ó²»Ò»¶¨ÎªÕýËÄÃæÌå½á¹¹£¬ÈçNH3ÖÐNÔ×Ó²ÉÓÃsp3ÔÓ»¯¹ìµÀ³É¼ü£¬µ«NH3ÊôÓÚÈý½Ç×¶ÐΣ¬AÏîÕýÈ·£»ÔÓ»¯¹ìµÀÖ»ÓÃ
£«
ÓÚÐγɦҼü»òÓÃÓÚÈÝÄÉδ²ÎÓë³É¼üµÄ¹Âµç×Ó¶Ô£¬BÏîÕýÈ·£»[Cu(NH3)4]2ÖÐÖÐÐÄÔ×ÓCu²ÉÓÃdsp2(sp2d)ÔÓ»¯¹ìµÀ³É¼ü£¬¶øCH4·Ö×ÓÖÐÖÐÐÄÔ×ÓCÊDzÉÓÃsp3ÔÓ»¯¹ìµÀ³É¼ü£¬CÏî´íÎó£»DÏîÕýÈ·¡£
14£®ÈýÂÈ»¯Á×·Ö×ӵĿռ乹ÐÍÊÇÈý½Ç×¶ÐΣ¬ÏÂÁйØÓÚÈýÂÈ»¯Á×·Ö×ӿռ乹Ð͵ÄÐðÊö£¬²»ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ( )
A£®PCl3·Ö×ÓÖеÄÈý¸ö¹²¼Û¼üµÄ¼ü³¤¡¢¼ü½Ç¶¼ÏàµÈ B£®PCl3·Ö×ÓÖеÄP¡ªCl¼üÊôÓÚ¼«ÐÔ¹²¼Û¼ü C£®PCl3·Ö×ÓÖÐÈý¸ö¹²¼Û¼ü¼üÄÜ¡¢¼ü½Ç¾ùÏàµÈ D£®PCl3ÊǷǼ«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó
½âÎö£ºÑ¡D¡£P¡ªCl¼üÊÇÓɲ»Í¬Ô×ÓÐγɵģ¬ÊôÓÚ¼«ÐÔ¹²¼Û¼ü£¬Èý¸öP¡ªCl¼üÏàͬ£¬¼ü³¤¡¢¼üÄܶ¼ÏàµÈ£¬Èý¸öP¡ªCl¼üÖ®¼äµÄ¼Ð½Ç¾ùΪ100¡ã£¬PCl3ΪÈý½Ç×¶Ðνṹ£¬·Ö×ÓÖÐÕýµçºÉÖØÐĺ͸ºµçºÉÖØÐIJ»Öغϣ¬ÊôÓÚ¼«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó¡£
15£®ÊµÑéÊҲⶨÌúµÄº¬Á¿¿ÉÓÃÂçºÏ¼ÁÁÚ¶þµª·Æ
()£¬ËüÓöFe2ÐγɺìÉ«ÅäºÏÎ½á¹¹ÈçÏÂͼ£¬ÏÂÃæËµ·¨²»ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ( )
£«
A£®ÁÚ¶þµª·ÆÖÐCºÍN¾ù²ÉÓÃB£®¸ÃºìÉ«ÅäÀë×ÓÖÐÅäλÊýΪ6 C£®ÌúÓ뵪֮¼äµÄ»¯Ñ§¼üΪÀë×Ó¼ü D£®ÁÚ¶þµª·ÆÖÐËùÓÐÔ×Ó¹²Æ½Ãæ
½âÎö£ºÑ¡C¡£ÌúÓ뵪֮¼äµÄ»¯Ñ§¼üΪÅäλ¼ü¡£ ¶þ¡¢·ÇÑ¡ÔñÌâ(±¾Ìâ°üÀ¨5СÌ⣬¹²55·Ö)
16£®(10·Ö)CrO3¡¢NaBH4³£ÓÃÓÚÈ©¡¢ÍªÓë´¼µÄÏ໥ת»¯£¬ÓÉÅðËá[H3BO3»òB(OH)3]¿ÉÒԺϳÉNaBH4¡£
(1)д³öCrÔªËØÔ×ÓÔÚ»ù̬ʱµÄºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½£º__________________________________¡£
££
(2)ÓëBH4»¥ÎªµÈµç×ÓÌåµÄÒ»ÖÖÑôÀë×ÓÊÇ________£¬BH4Àë×ӵĿռ乹ÐÍΪ________¡£ (3)ÅðËáÊÇÒ»ÖÖÆ¬²ã×´½á¹¹°×É«¾§Ì壬²ãÄÚµÄH3BO3·Ö×Óͨ¹ýÇâ¼üÏàÁ¬(Èçͼ)¡£ÏÂÁÐÓйØ
3
sp2ÔÓ»¯