3.9.2 设计计算····························································23 3.10 计量槽······························································25 3.11 污泥泵房····························································25 3.11.1 设计参数···························································25 3.11.2 污泥泵·····························································26 3.11.3 集泥池·····························································26 3.12 污泥浓缩池···························································26 3.12.1 设计参数···························································26 3.12.2 设计计算···························································27 3.13 贮泥池·······························································28 3.14 脱水机房·····························································28 3.15 配水井·······························································29 4 平面布置·······························································31 4.1 水力计算·····························································31 4.2 高程计算·····························································31 4.3 设备材料表···························································33 4.3.1 构、建筑物一览表····················································33 4.3.2 主要设备材料表······················································34 5 工程技术经济分析·······················································35 5.1 土建费用造价列表·····················································35 5.2 直接投资费用·························································35 5.3 运行费用计算·························································36 5.3.1 成本估算····························································36 5.3.2 动力费用····························································36 5.3.3 工资福利开支························································36 5.3.3 生产用水水费开支····················································36 5.4 运费·································································36 5.5 维护维修费···························································36 5.6 管理费用·····························································37 5.7 运行成本估算·························································37 6 结论···································································38 6.1 设计特色·····························································38 参考文献·································································39 致谢·····································································40 附图1 平面布置图 附图2 工艺流程图 附图3 氧化沟剖面图 附图4 二沉池剖面图
IV
附图5 污泥浓缩池剖面图
V
1 绪论
水是一切生物生存必不可少的物质之一，没有水的世界是无法想象的。虽然我国水资源总量非常丰富，年径流总量2.71×1012m3，居世界第六位，但是由于人口众多，人均占有仅2262m3，约为世界平均的1/4，属世界缺水国家之一。我国幅员辽阔，各地气候迥异，经济发展水平差异也很大。随着我国经济的快速发展和人们生活水平的不断提高，政府、企业、居民的环保意识不断增强，对生活质量和环境质量的要求越来越高，水污染治理也越来越受到人们的关注。目前，各城市都面临着不同的水环境污染。因此，根据城市规模，建立一套与自己经济发展相适应的控制水污染、保护水环境的方针、政策、标准和法规，同时建设与经济发展水平相适应的污水处理厂，就成为防止因水资源短缺而制约城市社会经济发展的必要手段，利用有限资源的必须部分。在人们日常生活中，盥洗、淋浴、生活洗涤等都离不开水，用后便成为污水。在工业企业中，几乎没有一种工业水是人们日常生活中不可或缺的宝贵资源，水的供给与排放处理水亦是合理不用到水。水经生产过程使用后，绝大部分变成废水，生产废水携带着大量污染物质，这些物质多数是有害和有毒的，但也是有用的，必须妥善处理或加以回收利用。
城市的雨水和冰雪融水也需要及时排除，否则将积水为害，妨碍交通，甚至危及人们的生产和日常生活。在人们生产和生活中产生的这些污水中，如不加控制任意排入水体（江、河、湖、海、地下水）或土壤，使水体受到污染，将破坏原有的自然环境，以至引起环境问题，甚至造成公害。为保护环境，避免发生上述问题，现代城市就需要建立一套完整的工程设施来收集、输送、处理和利用污水；此工程设施就称之为排水工程。它的基本任务是保护环境免受污染，以促进工农业生产的发展和保障人民的健康与正常生活。其主要内容包括：（1）收集各种污水并及时的将之输送至适当地点。（2）妥善处理后排放或再利用。
水污染控制技术在我国社会主义建设中有着十分重要的作用。从环境保护方面讲，水污染控制技术有保护和改善环境、消除污水危害的作用，是保障人民健康和造福子孙后代的大事；从卫生上讲，水污染控制技术的兴起对保障人民健康具有深远的意义；对预防和控制各种疾病、癌症或是“公害病”有着重要的作用；从经济上讲，城市污水资源化，可重复利用于城市或工业，这是节约用水和解决淡水资源短缺的重要途径，它将产生巨大的经济效益。
总之，在实现四个现代化过程中，水污染控制技术对环境保护、促进工农业生产和保障人民健康有现实意义和深远影响，并使经济建设、城乡建设与环境建设同步规划，同步实施，同步发展。这样才能实现经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的统一[1]。 1.1 设计依据及参数 1.1.1 设计背景
昆山市位于江苏省东南部,北至东北与常熟、太仓两市相连，南至东南与上海嘉定、青浦两区接壤，西与吴江、苏州交界。东西最大直线距离33千米，南北48千米。总面
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积927.7平方千米，其中陆地面积641.1平方千米，水域面积286.6平方千米。 （1）设计规模：10万t/d （2）水质指标
处理后污水水质应满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918-2002）中的一级B标准，其进水水质和排放标准见表1。
表1 进水水质和排放标准 单位：mg/L
项 目 进水水质 排放标准
pH值 6～9 6～9
SS 150 150
CODcr 400 60
BOD5 200 20
NH3－N 25 8
TP 3 1
1.2 设计原则
①执行国家关于环境保护的政策，符合国家的有关法规、规范及标准。
②积极稳妥地采用新技术，充分利用国内外的先进技术和设备，以提高行业的装备和技术水平。
③功能分区明确，生产、生活、人、物、车流向合理。
④规划布置四优先：工艺流程先进，安全可靠优先；运行管理便利，经济优先；环境绿化、美化优先；有利于排水事业可以持续发展优先。 1.3 设计依据
设计任务书及相关原始数据
《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-96） 《城市污水处理厂污水污泥排放标准》（CJ3025-93） 《污水排入城市下水道水质标准》（CJ3082-1999） 《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838-2002） 《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918-2002）
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