champion, of their protector;Behind all this glare, behind all this storm),从句的平行结构(where maidens laugh and children play)和句子的平行结构(七个I see …句子一气呵成)。
除了不同形式的平行结构(parallelism)交错使用外,平行结构(parallelism)还时常和别的辞格一起使用, 使文字的表现更加锦上添花。例21中,明喻(like a swarm of crawling locusts),隐喻(threshold; cataract; dandified),头韵(dull, drilled, docile),拟声(clanking, heel-clicking),谐辅韵(cowing and tying),谐元韵(easier and a safer)和反复(glare, storm同义反复)多种辞格交叉运用,强化了表达效果,增加了演讲的气势。
学生:老师,平行结构(parallelism)的形式还真是多样,从词,词组,从句,句子,甚至段落都有平行结构的身影。同时平行结构(parallelism)与其它辞格的交替使用,能增强语言的修辞效果。
老师:了解了平行结构(parallelism)的多种形式,其功能也是不能不谈的。平行结构(parallelism)可以用来写人、写事、抒情、议论、叙事、列举、描述、阐释和演讲等。它是我们写作和表达时很有用的一个语言技能,所以我们在本章开始时说过―要想语言表达好,平行结构是个宝‖。
22. Indeed, this nation’s best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. (形容词平行,作表语)(from National Geographic, Sept., 1975)
的确,这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。
以平行结构(parallelism)写人,可将人物刻画细致。例22把一连串形容词 (adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous)加以平行排列,作句子的表语,使该句在形式上精致工整,声调上极富韵律,语言上经济简练,叙事上步步深入,因而使马克吐温这位作家的性格特征跃然纸上。
23. The din of the stall-holders crying their wares, of donkey-boys and porters clearing a way for themselves by shouting vigorously, and of would-be purchasers arguing and bargaining is continuous and makes you dizzy. (L.A. Hill and D.J. May The Middle Eastern Bazaar)
一走进市场,就可以听到摊贩们的叫卖声,赶毛驴的小伙计和脚夫们大着嗓门叫人让道的吆喝声,还有那些想买东西的人们与摊主讨价还价的争吵声。各种各样的噪声此伏彼起,不绝于耳,简直叫人头晕。 以平行结构(parallelism)写事,可以将事物景象活灵活现。三种―噪音‖以平行结构出现 — of the stall-holders crying their wares, of donkey-boys and porters clearing a way for themselves by shouting vigorously, and of would-be purchasers arguing and bargaining,读者如闻其声,如见其景,中东市场的喧嚣与繁华如此贴近读者。
24. Dictating his autobiography la