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5. 合成题
5-1.以环己醇为原料合成:1,2,3-三溴环己烷。
BrOHH3PO4NBS
5-2.从异丙醇为原料合成:溴丙烷。 CH3CHCH3OH
浓H2SO4CH3CH=CH2HBrROORBrBr2CCl4BrBr
CH3CH2CH2Br
5-3.由1-氯环戊烷为原料合成:顺-1,2-环戊二醇。
5-4.以1-甲基环己烷为原料合成:CH3CO(CH2)4COOH。
Br2KMnO4CH3C2H5ONaCH3CH3hvBrH+, 5-5.由
CH2OHC2H5OHClKOHOsO4H2O2OHOHCH3CO(CH2)4COOH
为原料合成:
CH2O
O+CO2
5-6.以1-溴环戊烷为原料合成:反-2-溴环戊醇。
BrC2H5OHKOH+Br2H2OHBrOHH
CH2OH浓H2SO4KMnO4
CH3OHCH35-7.由1,2-二甲基环戊醇为原料合成:2,6-庚二酮。
H+CH3(1)O3CH3(2)Zn/H2OOOCH3C(CH2)3CCH3
5-8.以2-溴丙烷为原料合成丙醇。
CH3CHCH3Br
C2H5OHNaOHCH3CH=CH2B2H6H2O2OHCH3CH2CH2OH
5-9.由1-甲基环己烷合成:反-2-甲基环己醇。
25
5-10.以环戊烷为原料合成:反-1,2-环戊二醇。
(1)CF3CO3HBr2CHOHBr25(2)H3O+hvKOH
CH3Br2hvCH3C2H5ONaBrCHOHB2H6CH3H2O2OHOHOH
CH3OH
HCCCH3H 5-11以苯及C4以下有机物为原料合成:C6H5+CH3CH2COClC6H5CHC2H5C2H5OHBrKOHAlCl3COCH2CH3Zn-Hg浓HClCH2CH2CH3NBS
CCH3C6H5CHCHCH3C2H5OHCHC65C6H5CHCHCH3Br2KOHBrBr
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CH2CHCCH3O5-12.用甲烷做唯一碳来源合成:O CH4+3O21500℃CHCHCu2Cl2NH4ClCHOHgSO4CH2=CHCCH3CCH=CH2稀H2SO4
C6H5CCCH3Na液NH3CH3HCCHC6H5OCH2=CHCCH3+1O22CH2CHCCH3OO250℃ BrCHOAg5-13.以乙炔、丙烯为原料合成:Br
Cu2Cl2NaCHCHCH2=CHCH=CH2CH2=CHCHOCHCCH=CH2液NH3NH4ClCu2OBrCHOBr2CHOCH2=CHCHOCH2=CHCH3,0.25MPaBr350℃,
CH2CH2CH2OH5-14.以1,3-丁二烯,丙烯,乙炔等为原料合成:
CH2=CHCH=CH2+CH2=CHCH2ClCH2ClCHCNaCH2CCH
H2Ni,CH2CH=CH2CH2ClH2Lindlar催化剂CH2Cl
CH2CH=CH2B2H6H2O2OH(CH2)3OH,
CH2=CHCH3Cl2500℃CH2=CHCH2Cl
5-15.由乙炔和丙烯为原料合成正戊醛(CH3(CH2)3CHO) CHCH+NaNH2液NH3CHCH3CH=CH2+HBrROORCNa ;CH3CH2CH2Br
5-16.由乙烯和乙炔为原料合成内消旋体3,4-己二醇。
CH3CH2CH2BrCHCNaCH3CH2CH2CCHB2H6H2O2OHCH3(CH2)3CHO
CHCH+NaNH2液NH3NaCCNaCNa ;CH2CH2+HBrCCH2CH3Na液NH3CH3CH2Br
CHHCCH25C2H52CH3CH2BrNaCCH3CH2C
CHHCCH25C2H5C6H5CO3HH3O+
C2H5OHHHOHC2H5
5-17.由甲苯和C3以下有机物为原料合成:C6H5CH2O(CH2)3CH3 C6H5CH3NBSC6H5CH2Br, CH3CH2Cl+CHCNaC2H5CCH
B2H6C2H5CC2H5CH2CH2OHNaCHNaC2H5CH=CH2CH3(CH2)3ONaH2O2OHNH3
C6H5CH2Br+CH3(CH2)3ONaC6H5CH2O(CH2)3CH3
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CH25-18.由为原料合成:
CH2CH2CHO
CNaCH2CCHCH2+HBrROORCH2CCHB2H6H2O2OHCH2BrCH
CH2CH2CHO
OCH2CCH35-19.以不多于四个碳原子的烃为原料合成:
CH2=CHCH3Cl2500℃CH2=CHCH2Cl
CH2=CHCH=CH2+CH2=CHCH2ClCH2Cl CNaCH2CCHCH2=CHCH=CH2CH2=CHCH2ClCH2ClCH
CH2CCHHgSO4稀H2SO4OCH2CCH3
5-20.以甲苯为原料合成:3-硝基-4-溴苯甲酸。
CH3Br2FeBr3BrCH3KMnO4BrHNO3COOHH2SO4NO2BrCOOH
5-21.由苯和甲醇为原料合成:间氯苯甲酸。
CH3OH+SOCl2+CH3ClAlCl3CH3Cl+SO2+HCl CH3KMnO4COOHCl2FeClCOOH
5-22.由苯为原料合成:4-硝基-2,6-二溴乙苯。
+C2H5BrAlCl3C2H5HNO3H2SO4O2NC2H5Br2FeBrC2H5BrNO2
COOHNO2COOH
5-23.由甲苯为原料合成:邻硝基对苯二甲酸。
CH3H2SO4100℃CH3HNO3H2SO4SO3HCH3NO2HO+3SO3HCH3CH3BrNO2AlCl3CH3NO2KMnOCH345-23.以甲苯为原料合成:4-硝基-2-溴苯甲酸。
HNO3CH3H2SO4O2NCH3Br2FeO2NBrKMnO4CH3O2NBrCOOH
5-25.以苯为原料合成:对硝基邻二溴苯。
BrBr2Br2HNO3BrBrNO2FeH2SO4FeBr3Br精品文档
NO2