2018<科技英汉互译教程>上篇期末考试范围 P.23例2
This type of spring is extensively used in electrical instruments, and deserves special consideration.
这种弹簧广泛应用于电工仪表中，因此值得专门考虑一下。 P.24 例3
If the reaction took hours, and not seconds, the fuel costs would be prohibitive. 如果这一反应要花费数小时，而不是几秒钟，燃料费就太高了。 例7
Keep the batteries in dry places, and electricity may not be made to leak away. （如果）把蓄电池放在干燥的地方，就不会漏电。
这种句式中，祈使句表示条件，and后面的句子表示结果，可译为“如果……，就……”，或者“……就”。 P.25例12
In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us.
换言之，矿物就是存在于地球上，但须经过挖握、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。 例14
The solar wind grossly distorts the earth's magnetic field, dragging it out to a long tail. 太阳风使地球磁场的形状发生很大的变化，将它向外拉牵，扯出一条长尾。 译文中将分词短语译成了动词并列式分句（或后续分句），即在一个主语下使用两个或两个以上的并列动词，用逗号隔开。 P.26 例17
The substitution of some rolling friction for sliding friction results in a very considerable reduction in friction.
用滚动摩擦代替滑动摩擦，会大幅度减少摩擦力。 例20
An understanding of the essential character of scientific investigation is best acquired from the study of a representative particular science.
要了解科学研究最本质的特点，最好是对特定的典型学科进行研究。 P.27 例23
The moon is a world that is completely and utterly dead, a sterile mountainous waste on which during the heat of the day the sun blazed down with relentless fury, but where during the long night the cold is so intense that it far surpasses anything ever experienced on the earth.
月球完全是一个毫无生气的世界，是一片多山的不毛之地。在酷热的白昼，太阳向它倾泻着无情的烈焰，而浸长的严寒却远远不是我们在地球上所能体验到的。
原句中含有4个分句：由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰a world；介词on+关系代词 which引导的定语从句，修饰a world的同位语a sterile mountainous waste；关系副词where引导的定语从句，也修饰a sterile mountainous waste；so…that引导的结果状语从句。 例24
Computing machines are essentially machines for recording numbers, operating with numbers, and giving the result in numerical form.
计算机本质上是一种记录数字、运算数字并给出数字结果的机器。
原句中有三个介词，其中介词for省略不译。 P.29 例29
The ON condition makes the data equipment ready to the communication equipment to be connected to the communication channel.
数据（存储）设备在接通状态时通过通道与通信设备连接。
原句中的on指设备的接通状态，使句子形象、简洁，很容易理解。 例30
Then the surgeon cut him open and took out the appendix and stitched him up again 医生切开他的腹部，制除了阑尾，又把他腹部缝好。 原文中使用him以全部代替部分，译为“他的腹部”为妥。 P.30 例32
It is very much like communicating with an accurate robot who has a very small vocabulary and takes everything literally.
这就像和一丝不苟的机器人说话，机器人只有很少的词汇，而且你怎么说他就怎么做。 原句中的robot是无生命的机器，不是人，在此采取拟人手法，用副词literally修饰，生动、形象。 P.32 例5
Design is a series of operations involved in taking a product from a conceptual stage to a form that meets both company goals and customer expectations.
设计是一系列的操作，包含该产品从构思阶段到同时满足公司目标和客户期望的结构样式。 例8
After the spring has been close to its solid height, the compressive force is removed. 弹簧被压缩到接近并紧高度（压并高度）之后就没有压力了。
原句中solid height的意思在汉译时做了技术性引中，翻译为“并紧高度”。 P.33例12
Dimensioning is a complicated work and long experiences are required for the mastering of it. 尺寸标注是一项复杂的工作，需要有长期经验才能完成。 英语中的动名词是由动词变形而来的，其动作性已经高度抽象化，在汉译时应该增加表动作的动词。原句中的dimensioning就是抽象化了的动名词，在翻译时增加“进行”二字。 例14
Semiconductors devices have no filament or heaters and therefore require no heating power or warmed up time.
半导体器件没有灯丝，因此不需要加热功率或加热时间。 原句中的heaters属于重复性词语，在汉译时省略了heater。 例15
The diameter and the length of the wire are not the only factors to influence its resistance. 导线的直径和长度不是影响电阻的唯一因素。
原句中的物主代词its在汉译时省略，属于省译法。 P.34 例20
As noted previously, the catalyst in the first reactor can be divided into two beds, with an intermediate liquid quench, where high reactivity of the charge makes close temperature control mandatory.
前面已经指出，在电荷具有很高反应能力而必须严格控制温度的场合，第一反应器中的催化剂可以分为两层，并在中间采用液体冷却。
原句中斜体部分是where引导的地点状语。英语中习惯将状语放在句子后面，而汉语则恰恰相反，因此，汉译时语序进行了调整，状语从句位于句首。 例21
These waves, which are commonly called radio waves, travel with the velocity of light. 这些电波一般以光的速度进行传播，它们通常被称为无线电波。
汉译时调整了which引导的非限制性定语从句的位置，将其放在句末单独成为一个小分句，对前面的内容进行补充。 例22
To picture the stress state, select the original a reference system at the center of the contact area with x parallel to the cylindrical axes, y perpendicular to the plane formed by the two cylinder axes, and z in the plane of the contact force.
为描述应力状态，选择参考坐标系，原点选在接触面的中心，x轴平行于圆桂体的轴线，y轴垂直圆柱体轴线所形成的平面，z轴处于接触力所在的平面上。
2018<科技英汉互译教程> 中篇期末考试范围 中篇第一章 P.42 例5
The new medicine will expire in 2 years. 新药的有效期为两年。 例10
The operation of a machine needs some knowledge of its performance. 操作机器需要懂得机器的一些性能 P.43 例17
This experiment is an absolute necessity in determining the best processing route. 对确定最佳工艺流程而言，这次实验是绝对必要的。 例20
Employers by and large are resistant to mediation. 从总体上说，雇主是抵制调解的。 P.44 例26
This metal is less hard than that one. 这种金属的硬度比那种差。 例30
This experiment is an absolute necessity in determining the solubility. 对确定溶解度来说，这次试验是绝对必要的。
原句中的名词necessity转换成汉语中的形容词“必要的”，原句中的形容词absolute 转换汉语中的副词“绝对”。 P.45 例37
It is demonstrated that dust is extremely hazardous. 已经证实，粉尘具有极大的危害。 例41
Chlorine is very active chemically. 氯的化学性能很活跃。 P.46 例46
The government is behind this project.
政府支持这个项目。 P.47 例59
The frequency, wave length and speed of sound are closely related. 频率、波长和声速三方面是密切相关的。 P.48 例61
The temperature needed for this processing is lower than that needed to melt the metal. 这种加工方法所需的温度要低于熔化该金属的温度。 例70
Carbon combines with oxygen to form carbon oxides. 碳与氧化合后便构成各种碳氧化合物。 P.49 例77
These early cars were slow, clumsy, and inefficient. 这些早期的汽车速度缓慢，行动笨拙，效率低下。 译文中在形容词前分别加上了三个名词：“速度”、“行动”、“效率”。既使译文意思明确，又使其形成四字词组，匀称整齐。 P.50 例91
The resistance of a given section of an electric circuit is equal to the ratio of its voltage to the current through this section of the circuit.
电路某一段的电阻等于其电压与流过该段电路的电流之比。 P.51 例98
Since copper possesses good conductivity, it is widely used in electrical engineering. 由于铜具有良好的导电性，所以被广泛应用于电气工程。 原句中作主语的it在译文中省译。 P.52 例105
Finally, this condensate is pumped back into the boiler and the cycle repeats itself. 最后，冷凝水被泵回锅炉，这种循环重复进行。 P.53 例114
Therefore the transformer can be used to step up or step down alternating voltage. 因此，变压器可用来升降电压。 译文中并列连词or可以省略不译。 例119
Stainless steel possesses good hardness and high strength. 不锈钢硬度大、强度高。 P.54 例123
Strain Gauge Technology, which grew out of Applied Science Publishers Developments in Stress Analysis scries, does not replace or supersede existing textbooks and reference books 《应变仪技术》一书，虽是从应用科学出版家公司出版的《应力分析之进展》丛书中产生的，但它并不能取代现有的教科书和参考书。
原句中动词replace和supersede都是“替代”、“取代”的意思，译文中只译出一个，省译另一个。
P.55 例135
Machines used for making plastic objects are very different from those used for manufacturing articles of wood or metal or other natural materials. 用来加工塑料制品的机器同那些用来加工木制品、金属制品和其他天然制品的机器是十分不