按结构分
一个完整的简单句由 “主语部分+谓语部分”构成
The man is a teacher. 主语部分 谓语部分
He works hard.
主语部分 谓语部分
He teaches English well. 主语部分 谓语部分
造句最关键的就是动词：
连系动词 be (am is are was were) / seem / keep 是/好象(似乎)是/保持
look / feel / taste / smell / sound 看/感觉/尝/闻/听起来(上去) become / turn / get / grow 变得
行为动词 不及物动词 laugh / smile / look / listen
及物动词 see / hear / drink / eat
助动词 be (am / is /are / was / were) do / does / did have / has / had
will / shall / be going to
情态动词 can / may / must / shall / need could / should / would / might have (has) to / had better
1. 表语:表示主语是什么(身份)或者怎么样(处于什么状态)。 由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。
和连系动词一起构成谓语,也就是说: 连系动词后面的就/才是表语! He is a boy. She is a girl. They are students. They are good.
He looks / seems ill. The apple tastes nice. Trees turn green. Your idea sounds good. 主语 连系动词 表语
主系表结构（SVP） =主语+连系动词+表语 找出主系表的结构；
1，Mr. Li is a good teacher. 2，The movie is interesting/wonderful.
3，The flower looks beautiful. 4，He feels hungry.
狗 咬 人 。 主语 谓语 宾语
人 追 狗 。 主语 谓语 宾语
主语Subject :
表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物” 。 也就是动作的发出者。
一般由名词、代词或相当于名词、代词的词或短语等充当。
谓语Predicate :
说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。 也就是做了什么行为动作或处于什么状态。 谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）用动词。
宾语Object :
表示动作、行为的对象。 也就是动作的接受者。
一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。 什么是及物动词和不及物动词呢?!
及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词: see / hear / drank / eat / ?
I saw him last week. We heard the bad news yesterday. They eat bread every day. He drank a glass of milk just now.
不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词: laugh / smile / look / listen / ? She smiled happily. They laughed loudly.
如果要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助:
She look at the blackboard carefully. He listened to his teacher in class.
They laughed at us after the match.
有些词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，那就要看意思上的区别了：
他们放风筝。 风筝在天上飞。 The kites fly in the sky. They fly the kites.
1，（不及物动词）主谓结构（SV） = 主语+谓语动词
The worker ran fast. The doctor listened carefully. The duck is swimming. The girl dances well.
2，（不及物动词）主谓宾结构（SVO） =主语+谓语+宾语
He likes basketball game. He plays computer games every day. He is playing the guitar now. He played soccer yesterday. 3，(及物动词) 主谓双宾结构（SVOiOd）=主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 She teaches us.
She teaches us English. She teaches English.
She told me a story. He gave me a present.
可以用于这种句式的动词主要有
(A) buy / build / catch / cut choose / cook / find / get / keep / make / draw / do
He bought me a new bike. 也可以改为for sb. 的句式 He bought a new bike for me.
(B) give / take / send / bring / teach / show / tell / pay / write / read / sell / lend / pass / return / throw / offer / hand
She lent me a book. 也可以改为 to sb. 的句式 She lent a book to me. 4，（及物动词） 主谓宾宾补结构（SVOC）=主语+谓语+宾语+宾语的补足语 1,He told me to clean my room. 2,I saw her dancing.
3,Our teacher asks us to read English every day.
可以用于这种句式的动词主要有 let / make sb. do sth.
ask / tell / want / allow / wish / get /
sb. to do sth. expect / encourage / invite / teach
find / see / hear / watch / notice / feel sb. do sth. sb. doing sth. help sb. (to) do sth.
hope和welcome 比较特殊－－我们可以说:
I hope to visit your school.
I hope that you can visit our school.
I wish you to visit our school.
Welcome to visit our school.
You are welcome to visit our school.
Welcome to our school.
但不可以说：I hope / welcome you to visit our school.
分析一下这些句子中所包含的成分
[1] 主系表型
She is a very good girl . (__语) (__词) (___语) The girl is very good. (__语) (__词) (___语)
[2] 主谓型
<1>______式: They ‖ laughed. The kites ‖ fly in the sky. (__语) (__词) (__语) (__词)
<2>______式: I ‖ bought a new bike. He ‖ plays volleyball. (__语) (__词) (__语) (__语) (__词) (__语)
<3>______式: She ‖ told me a story. He ‖ gave me a good book. (__语) (__词) (__语) (__语) (__语) (__词) (__语) (__语) <4>______式 He ‖ asked me to help him. He ‖ made me happy. (__语) (__词) (__语) (__语) (__语) (__词) (__语) (__语)
[1] 主系表型
She is a very good girl . (主语) (连系动词) (表语)
The girl is very good. (主语) (连系动词) (表语)
[2] 主谓型
<1>主谓式: They ‖ laughed. The kites ‖ fly in the sky. (主语) (谓语动词) (主语) (谓语动词)
<2>主谓宾式: I ‖ bought a new bike. He ‖ plays volleyball. (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语)
<3>主谓宾宾式:
She ‖ told me a story. He ‖ gave me a good book. (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语) (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语)
<4>主谓宾宾补式
He ‖ asked me to help him. He ‖ made me happy. (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语补足语) (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语补足语)