美联英语提供：GRE 阅读解析 两分钟做个小测试，看看你的英语水平 http://m.meten.com/test/waijiao.aspx?tid=16-73675-0
本篇文章是GRE真题考试阅读，大家可以试一下手，看看自己处于什么水平，不明白的文章后边有详细的解读，可以解决很多问题，大家快看起来吧！！The recent change to all-volunteer armed forces in the United States will eventually produce a gradual increase in the proportion of women in the armed forces and in the variety of women‘s assignments, but probably not the dramatic gains for women that might have been expected. This is so even though the armed forces operate in an ethos of institutional change oriented toward occupational equality and under the federal sanction of equal pay for equal work. The difficulty is that women are unlikely to be trained for any direct combat operations; a significant portion of the larger society remains uncomfortable as yet with extending equality in this direction. Therefore, for women in the military, the search for equality will still be based on functional equivalence, not identity or even similarity of task. (132 words)
For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply
1. The passage implies that which of the following is a factor conducive to a more equitable representation of women in the United States armed forces than has existed in the past?
A The all-volunteer character of the present armed forces
B The past service records of women who had assignments functionally equivalent to men‘s assignments
C Restrictive past policies governing the military assignments open to women 阅读1：参考翻译：
美国全志愿役武装力量的最近变化将使妇女在军队中的比例和承担任务的种类有所上升，但发展速度可能不及妇女们所预期的那么显著。即使军队的运行机制正向着职业平等方向转变而且受到同工同酬的联邦法律约束也是如此。这里的问题在于不太可能训练妇女执行直接的战斗任务，社会上的众多人士至今也还无法接受用这种方式来扩大平等。所以女军人所谋求的平等将依然是建立在权责对等基础上的平等，而不可能是任务同一甚至相似的平等。 Q1：定位至文
中 The recent change to all-volunteer armed forces in the United States will eventually produce a gradual increase in the proportion of women in the armed forces and in the variety of women?s assignments 所以答案A。
注意：C选项的在文中只是the federal sanction of equal pay for equal work，而不是governing the military
About a century ago, the Swedish physical scientist
Arrhenius proposed a law of classical chemistry that relates chemical reaction rate to temperature. According to the Arrhenius equation, chemical reaction are increasingly unlikely to occur as temperatures approach absolute zero, and at absolute zero (zero degrees Kelvin, or minus 273 degrees Celsius) reactions stop. However, recent
experimental evidence reveals that although the Arrhenius equation is generally accurate in describing the kind of chemical reaction that occurs at relatively high temperatures, at temperatures closer to zero a quantum- mechanical effect known as tunneling comes into play; this effect accounts for chemical reactions that are forbidden by the principles of classical chemistry. Specifically, entire molecules can \emically react even though these molecules do not have sufficient energy, according to classical chemistry, to overcome the repulsive barrier. The rate of any chemical reaction, regardless of the
temperature at which it takes place, usually depends on a very important characteristic known as its activation energy. Any molecule can be imagined to reside at the bottom of a so-called potential well of energy. A chemical reaction
corresponds to the transition of a molecule from the bottom of one potential well to the bottom of another. In classical chemistry, such a transition can be accomplished only by going over the potential barrier between the wells, the height of which remains constant and is called the
activation energy of the reaction. In tunneling, the reacting molecules tunnel from the bottom of one to the bottom of another well without having to rise over the barrier between the two wells. Recently researchers have developed the concept of tunneling temperature: the temperature below which tunneling transitions greatly outnumber Arrhenius transitions, and classical mechanics gives way to its quantum counterpart.
This tunneling phenomenon at very low temperatures
suggested my hypothesis about a cold prehistory of life: the formation of rather complex organic molecules in the deep cold of outer space, where temperatures usually reach only a few degrees Kelvin. Cosmic rays (high-energy protons and other particles) might trigger the synthesis of simple molecules, such as interstellar formaldehyde, in dark clouds of interstellar dust. Afterward complex organic molecules would be formed, slowly but surely, by means of tunneling. After I offered my hypothesis, Hoyle and Wickramasinghe argued that molecules of interstellar formaldehyde have indeed evolved into stable polysaccharides such as cellulose and starch. Their conclusions, although strongly disputed, have generated excitement among investigators such as myself who are proposing that the galactic clouds are the places where the prebiological evolution of compounds necessary to life occurred.
2.According to the passage, classical chemical reactions and tunneling reactions are alike in which of the following ways?
(A) In both types of reactions, reacting molecules have to rise over the barrier between the two wells.
(B) In both types of reactions, a transition is made from the bottom of one potential well to the bottom of another.
(C) In neither type of reaction does the height of the barrier between the wells remain constant.
(D) In neither type of reaction does the rate of a chemical reaction depend on its activation energy.
(E) In both types of reactions, reacting molecules are able to go through the barrier between the two wells.
3.The author's hypothesis concerning the cold prehistory of life would be most weakened if which of the following were true?
(A)Cosmic rays are unlikely to trigger the formation of simple molecules. (B)Tunneling occurs only in a narrow band of temperatures around zero degrees Kelvin.
(C)The synthesis of interstellar formaldehyde can be activated by means other than cosmic rays.
(D)Simple molecules can be synthesized by means of tunneling.
(E)Classical chemical reactions do not occur at temperatures close to absolute zero.
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