论点:认为,相信: argue , argument , believe , suppose, think , be convinced that [相信] , hold the belief that … , have a notion that …, view…as , regard….as , see…as, consider….to be, reckon [算作,设想],
论据: for example , for instance , specifically, take… as an example
like , such as … , Imagine …. ,
调查研究:investigation , inquiry [hold an inquiry into a case对一个案子进行调查]
research, study, survey, report , questionnaire[调查问卷],measurement ,
调查研究结果:
得出结论: conclude that … ,come to a conclusion that …. , draw a conclusion that …
表明,发现: show , suggest , demonstrate , manifest [清楚地显示或表示] display,
find , find out, discover, reveal , prove
indicate, imply,
预测: forecast , foretell, foresee, predict
表示赞同: agree, appreciate , approve, consent to
表示反对: against , disagree, disapprove, dissent , object to , be opposed to
表示事实: belief , fact , reality, truth
表示理论,设想:assumption , theory, hypothesis [假设]
表示目的: to do, aim at, for the sake of , for , serve as, in favor of [有利于],
for the purpose of, intend to do ,
论据中常见专家名称:
expert , specialist , professor , associate professor [副教授], sociologist [社会学家],
economist, linguist[语言学家],consultant [顾问] psychologist [心理学家],behaviorist [行为
学家],philosopher[哲学家] , anthropologist [人类学家],archaeologist [考古学家], 灵魂词汇3 --逻辑信号词 – 路标词
1,表示因果的
原因:后接句子 --- Because, since , as , for
后接词组 --- because of , thanks to , owing to , due to , as a result of ,
by/in virtue of [由于]
* The movie touched me by virtue of its story.
结果: so(that, accordingly[因此] ; as a result; consequently; for this
(thatreason; hence; therefore 此外:表因果的特色词汇
比如A 是因,B是果:
A account for / be responsible for B
A cause / lead to / result in / bring about / bring on / trigger /give rise to B
2,表示转折的
“但是,然而”:but , however; yet , nevertheless, whereas
“尽管,虽然”:后接句子 --- although , though, even though , while ,# notwithstanding
后接词组 --- despite; in spite of
“相反地”: conversely[相反地] ; on the contrary;
“另一方面”: on the other hand;
3,表示比较的
by comparison ; in contrast (相比之下; in the same way; similarly
4,表示递进的
also; besides; furthermore; in addition; in particular(特别地)more importantly; moreover; What’s more
5,表示概括的
in brief; in conclusion; in short; in a word , in sum; to sum up; on the whole
, to conclude
6.表示并列:
and , or , at the same time, meanwhile , as well as