强调句
基本结构 It+ be + 被强调成分 + that (who)… He bought the book in this shop yesterday.
→ It was he that/who bought the book in this shop yesterday. (强调主语he) → It was the book that he bought in this shop yesterday. (强调宾语the book)
→ It was in this shop that he bought the book yesterday. (强调地点状语in this shop) 它在句子中不充当任何成分
It's necessary that we should learn English. (主语从句)
It's not until he got off the bus that he realized his money was stolen. (强调句型) 原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening. 强调主语： 强调宾语： 强调时间： 强调地点： 强调句的特殊疑问句形式 Jim told us the news. (非强调句)
It was Jim that told us the news.(强调句型的陈述句形式)
Was it Jim that told us the news.(强调句型的一般疑问句形式)
Who was it that told us the news.(强调句型的特殊疑问句形式，对Jim提问)
Mary said that． 对Mary提问:
He joined the Party in 1949． 对 in 1949提问:
被强调的成分除了是名词、代词、介词短语等之外, 也可以是强调从句 He knew what had happened when he go back.
→ It was when he got back that he knew what had happened. (强调时间状语从句) He married me because he loved my money.
→ It was because he loved my money that he married me. (强调原因状语从句) not...until用于强调句 其基本形式为It is /was not until…that… He did not come until his wife left. 他妻子走了之后他才来。
→ It was not until his wife left that he came. 他妻子走了之后他才来。 They didn’t start until the rain stopped. 直到雨停他们才出发。
→ It was not until the rain stopped that they started. 直到雨停他们才出发。
I didn’t learn it until yesterday.
He didn’t come back until his wife fell asleep.
→ Not until the rain stopped did they start. （倒装结构） The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
英语倒装句的用法
类型
1）部分倒装---- 助动词\\情态动词+主语+谓语的实义动词型 2）全倒装---- 谓语+主语型 在以下结构中用全倒装
此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：
1.在there be或者There live(stand,appear.seem,remain,exist….) 句型中；
如There are thousands of people on the square. Thousands of people are there on the square. There lived an old fisherman in the village. 原语序：An old fisherman lived there in the village. There stands a little girl. 正常语序：A little girl stands there.
2.在“here, there, now, thus, then+动词+主语”的句子中,(谓语动词为be, go, come, lie, run等，主语为
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名词);
如: Now comes my turn. There goes the bell. Then came the order to leave. Here comes a bus= A bus comes here. 3.在“out\\ in, up\\ down, off\\away，in the distance,on the hill,round the corner”等表示方向性的副词或表示地点的介词词组位于句首，且主语又是名词，谓语是表示运动的动词。 Away went the crowed one by one. In came a stranger in black.
Out rushed the children.. Down fell the leaves. On the floor were piles of old books. ☆注意：主语必须是名词
eg: Out she went.There they are. Here he comes. 而Out went the girl. Here comes the boy. *4.有时为了强调表语，构成“表语+连系动词+主语”结构； eg: Lucky is she who was chosen to be a leader. =She who was chosen to be a leader is lucky.
Gone are the days when women were looked down upon! The days when women were looked down upon are gone! *5、在某些表示愿望的感叹句，全倒装。
Long live the People's Republic of China! May you be happy.
在以下结构中用部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1.含有否定或半否定意义的词语（如：not, never, seldom, hardly, little, scarcely, barely, few…）；或者含有否定意义的连词（not only…but also.., neither.. nor.., no sooner had…than...（一。。。就。。。）， scarcely… than.., Hardly had when.., not until...;nowhere等）；或否定意义的介词词组（by no means(决不),in no case\\way（任何情况下都不）,with no method, at no time（决不）, on no account（决不）,under no circumstances\\condition...（任何情况下都不））位于句首eg: I have never seen him before.=Never have I seen him before. Not a word did he say when he left. Seldom/Scarcely does he go to that park. Hardly(几乎不。。。) do I speak to him. Little English can he speak.
Little does he realize the importance of the meeting. Few people did I see in the street. 含有否定意义的连词： eg：1)Not only can he play basketball, but also I can. 2）No sooner had we arrived home than it began to rain. 3）Hardly had we met our friends when the train left.
4）Not until the baby fell asleep did the mother leave the room.(主句倒装，从句不倒装) =The mother didn’t leave the room until the baby fell asleep.
注意：1)Not only...but also...必须连接两个分句时，才使用部分倒装。而且只倒装not only后的分句。如果连接的是两个并列词语，不用倒装结构。如：Not only his father but also I like reading. 2)Hardly...when..., Scarcely...than..., No sooner...than...意义基本相同，它们连接的句子，都只倒装前一个分句，及“前倒后不倒（装）”。 3)当not until（直到。。。才）引导主从复合句时，主句倒装，从句不用倒装，或者可以理解为“后倒前不倒（装）”。
含有否定意义的介词词组：
如：By no means should we tell lies. On no account should we let him leave.
At no time决不will I get married to you. In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him. 注意：in no time(立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序： In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。 2.only+副词；或介词短语；或状语从句时，主句倒装；
eg: Only in this way can you use the computer well. （only+介词短语） Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.（only+副词） Only when it began to rain did he finish his job.（only+状语从句） 3.so用在句首，表示另一主语“也。。。样”时，用“So + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构；而表示另一主语“也不。。。样”时，用“Nor\\Neither + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构；注意：若
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是对上文同一主语的情况进行肯定时，不倒装。句型为“So+主语+be或do（did）/have ”。 eg：He went to school yesterday, so did I.
---David has made great progress recently. --So he has, and so have you.
eg：He hasn't finished his homework, and nor have I. eg : If you won't go, neither/nor will I. 4.as 作“尽管／虽然”，引导让步状语从句(as可以换成though)，由于语法需要，需要部分倒装。 eg： Shortest as/though she is, she is not the richest.(倒装后，最高级前不用冠词) Child as he is, he knows a lot.(倒装后，单数名词前不用a)
Fail as I did, I would try again.(倒装后，实义动词提前，在主语后添加助动词。) Hard as he tried, he didn't pass the exam.(副词提到句首)
注意：though位于句首引导让步状语从句时，可以倒装，也可以不倒装。但as引导让步状语从句时,必须使用倒装。否则就变成了原因状语从句。eg：As he is too young, he couldn't go to school.
5.在”so…that…”和”such…that…”引导的结果状语从句中，当so和such位于句首时，用”so\\such + adj + 主语+谓语”；
eg: So difficult was the exam that most of the students failed to pass it.
=The exam was so difficult that most of the students failed to pass it. 6.若if 引导的虚拟条件句中有were, had, should 时， 可将if省略，把were, had , should 放在句首。1) Should it rain tomorrow, we would not play basketball.=If it should rain tomorrow, we would not play basketball.
2)Had I prepared well, I couldn't have lost the job.=If I had prepared well, I couldn't have lost the job. 3) Were he to come tomorrow, I would go to meet him at the airport. =If he were to come tomorrow, I would go to meet him at the airport.
倒装句练习题
1. Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realized 2. Only by practicing a few hours every day ____ be able to master the language. A. you can B. can you C. you will D. will you
3. If you don't go， neither ____.A. shall I B. do I C. I do D. I shall 4. No sooner ____ to the station ____ the train left.
A. had I got， when B. I had got， than C. had I got， than D. did I get， when 5. — Your father is very strict with you. —_____ He never lets off a single mistake of ours. A. So he is B. So is he C. He is so D. So does he 6. ____ today， he would get there by Sunday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave 7. Never in my life ____ such a thing.
A. I have heard or have seen B. have I heard or seen C. I have heard or seen D. did I hear or see 8. —— Here ____！ Where is Xiao Liu？There ____.
A. comes the bus，is he B. comes the bus， he is C. the bus comes， is he D. the bus comes， he is 9. ____ ,I will not buy it. A. Much as do I like it
B. As much I like it C. Much as I like it D. As I like it much 10. —— I like football. I don't like volleyball. ____.
A. So do I B. Neither do I C. So it is with me D. So is it with me 11. _____ the expense， I _____ to Italy.
A. If it were not， go B. Were it not for\\would go
C. Weren't it for\\will go D. If it hadn't been\\would have gone 12. So _____ in the darkness that he didn't dare to move an inch.
A. he was frightened B. was he frightened C. frightened he was D. frightened was he 13. -- In modem times， girls like beautiful clothes.
--Yes, _____ and_____ After all, our life has greatly improved. A. so do they，so do you B. so they do， so you do C. so do they， so you do D. so they do，so do you 14. —— You have an English class every day except Sunday. _____. A. So we have B. So we do C. So have we D. So do we 1~5 BDACA 6~10 CBBCC 11~15 BDDB
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