考研十训[引]
一训曰：汝不可因惰而随心所睡； 二训曰：汝不可移志而半途而废； 三训曰：汝不可随性而泡哥追妹； 四训曰：汝不可因苦而哭天抹泪； 五训曰：汝不可因闷而夜夜买醉； 六训曰：汝不可求闲而叫嚣疲惫； 七训曰：汝不可进步而自我陶醉； 八训曰：汝不可没座而迟到早退； 九训曰：汝不可因惧而错过机会； 十训曰：汝不可考上便吹嘘不累！
万学海文考研英语2012基础课程 【语法及长难句】
主讲：付博 2011年4月9日
Q1、长难句在何处是考点？ Q2、是什么把句子变长了？ Q3、是什么把句子变难了？ Q4、考研中长难句的难度？
Q1、长难句在何处是考点？ 阅读中 ：划分结构、宏观理解 翻译中 ：划分结构、推断词义 写作中*：利用结构、合理填充 完形中*：利用结构、去粗取精
【范例】
Man’s youth is a wonderful thing, it is so full of anguish and miracle, and he never comes to know it as it is, until it has gone away from him forever.
【范例】 P-135
Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments. Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple. Apples had been falling in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall. But Newton for years had been curious about the Cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets. What kept them in place? Why didn't they fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.
1. The author wants to prove with the example of Isaac Newton that [A] inquiring minds are more important than scientific experiments [B] science advances when fruitful researches are conducted [C] scientists seldom forget the essential nature of research
[D] unpredictability weighs less than prediction in scientific research
【范例】 P-135
Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the
validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.
【范例】
Cheating in examinations comes less through the pressure from these tests and more from student’s dishonesty.
The deterioration of environment comes less through the fragility of nature itself and more from of aggressive human destruction.
【范例】
However, such statistics cannot convey the effects of obesity, be they moderate or serious, 7 the quality of life and the impact of premature deaths associated with obesity. 7. A. in B. with C. for D. on
【返回总目录】
Q2、是什么把句子变长了？ (一) 并列句 (二) 复合句 (三) 比较结构
简单句 S + V S + V + O S + LV +SC S + V + O1 + O2 S + V + O + OC (一) 并列句： A：基本形式
Sentence 1, sentence 2, …, sentence n, and sentence n+1.
【范例】
2001-71
Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived. B: 其他形式
表示并列：neither/nor
What I said is true, nor must we forget about it. 表示对比：while
I like swimming while my girlfriend thinks it suicide.
表示转折：but/yet
NETEM is boring, yet it is a social ladder we have to climb. 表示因果：for/so
He paid the sweat, so he got the sweet. 表示选择：or/either ...or /neither... nor
You should be brave, or she would marry that “Mr. Brave”.
C：难点解析
【范例】
P-135
… As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. … 59. The word “it” (line 3, Para. 2) most probably refers to ________.
[A] the lack of stable communities
[B] the breakdown of informal information channels [C] the increased mobility of families
[D] the growing number of people moving from place to place
【范例】
P-135
Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.
(如果) 这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的唯一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥。
【范例】
P-135
In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined. 一般地说，当所要测定的特征能很精确地界定时，测试最为有效；而当所要测定或预测的东西不能明确地界定时，测试的效果则最差。
（二）复合句： A：基本形式
主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 定语从句 状语从句
【范例】 What he said is what he is doing.
【范例】
News, massage, conclusion, assertion, assumption, suggestion, implication, …
I got the news that our team had won. I got the news that I had been longing for.
【范例】
The first place that I will show you around is Big Wild Goose Pogoda, on the top floor of which you can appreciate the beautiful scenery of the city. To the north of the tower locates a square full of historical topics where you can indulge in thousands of poems.
【范例】 ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
P-136
For example, with small classes, teachers can identify and remedy incipient problems among students at risk for low achievement.
Efforts required to lift these weights seems considerable.
The need to love and to be loved seems universal. Maybe this is one trait that separates human beings from other animals.
Students brave enough to attempt the course deserve to succeed.
【范例】
P-137
This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府要向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。
【范例】 P-137
When the work is well done，a climate of accident-free operation is established where time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.
B：难点解析
【范例】
P-136
New ways of organizing the workplace – all that re-engineering and downsizing – are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training.
What does “which” refer to? A. ways B. contribution C. productivity D. economy 【并列句、复合句综合训练】
【范例】