汽车电动助力转向系统结构及其工作原理分析

西南林业大学 本科毕业(设计)论文

(2012届)

题目 汽车电动助力转向系统结构及其工作原理分析 教学院系 机械与交通学院 专 业 车辆工程 学生姓名 李铖龙 指导教师 陈继飞(实验师) 评 阅 人 刘学渊(实验师)

2012年6月3日

汽车电动助力转向系统结构及其工作原理分析

李铖龙

(西南林业大学 车辆工程专业2008级,云南 昆明,650224)

摘要:在汽车的发展历程中,转向系统经历了由机械式转向系统发展为液压助力转向系统,电控液压助力转向系统和电动助力转向系统的四个阶段。汽车电动助力转向系统与传统的机械、液压助力转向系统相比具有转向灵敏、能耗低、与环境的兼容性好、成本低等优点。在很多高端车上都装有EPS,因此,开发EPS(Electric Power Steering)具有很大的实际意义和商业价值。 电动助力转向系统主要由控制部分、执行部分和程序这三个部分组成,控制部分主要由信号采集电路、单片机和信号发送电路组成。其中单片机是控制部分的核心部件,信号采集电路采集到的转矩和车速信号送单片机处理后,单片机再发出控制信号给信号发送电路,经过驱动电路驱动电机转动。执行部分主要由电机、减速机构和电

磁离合器的组成。它起着转向辅助动力的产生,传递和中断的作用。本文详细分析了汽车电动助力转向系统的结构、工作原理、故障维修以及它的发展趋势系统地介绍了汽车电动助力转向系统。从而得出,电动助力转向系统具有操作轻便、省力的优点。 关键词:电动助力转向,单片机,电机控制

Electric power steering system structure and working principle

LiChengLong

(Vehicle Engineering 2008, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming Yunnan,

650224)

Abstract:In the course of development of the automobile, the steering system has gone through four stages of mechanical steering system, the development of hydraulic power steering system, electronically controlled hydraulic power steering system and electric power steering system. Electric power steering systems and traditional compared to the mechanical, hydraulic power steering system with steering sensitivity, low energy consumption, and environmental compatibility, low cost. In many high-end car is equipped with EPS, and therefore, the development of EPS has great practical significance and commercial value. The electric power steering system by the control part of the operative procedures of these three components, the control part of the signal acquisition circuit, micro-controller and signal transmission circuit. Where the micro-controller is the core component of the control section to send single-chip processing of the torque and speed signals collected by the signal acquisition circuit, micro-controller and then control signals to the signal transmission circuit through the drive circuit drive motor rotation. The executive part of the main motor, reducer, the composition of the bodies and the electromagnetic clutch. It plays a steering auxiliary power generation, transmission and interrupt the role. This paper analyzes the structure of the automotive electric power steering system, the working principle, fault repair, and its development trend of a systematic introduction to the automotive electric power steering system. Thus obtained, the electric power steering system, easy operation,

Key words: electric power steering SCM motor control。

目 录

1 绪论 .................................................................................................................................... 0

1.1 项目研究的目地及其意义 .................................................................................... 0 1.2电动助力转向系统的发展过程及其发展现状 ..................................................... 0

0

1.2.2 电动助力转向系统国外发展现状 ............................................................ 1 1.3 研究内容 ................................................................................................................ 1 2 助力转向系统 .................................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。

2.1助力转向系统的发展及其分类 ............................................................................. 2 2.2传统助力转向系统 ................................................................................................. 4

错误!未定义书签。 错误!未定义书签。

2.3机械液压转向系统与电子液压转向系统的比较 ................................................. 9 3 电动助力转向系统 .......................................................................................................... 11

3.1电动助力转向系统 ............................................................................................... 11 3.2电动助力转向系统的结构及其作用 ................................................................... 11

3.2.1 电动转向系统的分类 .............................................................................. 11 错误!未定义书签。 错误!未定义书签。

3.2.4 EPS的控制部分........................................................................................ 13 3.3 电动助力转向系统的优点 .................................................................................. 15 4 电动助力转向系统的故障诊断 ...................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

4.1 电机故障自诊断 .................................................................................................. 17 4.2 车速和发动机转速信号故障自诊断 .................................................................. 18 4.3 电磁离合器故障自诊断 ...................................................................................... 19 4.4 控制单元故障自诊断 .......................................................................................... 20 5电动助力转向系统的发展趋势 ....................................................................................... 20

5.1电动助力转向系统的硬件发展趋势 ................................................................... 20 5.2电动助力转向系统软件发展趋势 ....................................................................... 22 5.3 未来的转向系统——线控转向系统 .................................................................. 23

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