中考英语名词专题复习
名词分为：普通名词、专有名词和复合名词
名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。 ?个体名词：chair，book?可数名词?????集体名词：people，family普通名词???物质名词：rain，ice，sunshine不可数名词?????抽象名词：love，knowledge
专有名词：
1.表示人名 如：Jim Kate Li Lei Miss Gao 2.表示地名: 如: China USA England Beijing 3.表示星期、月份等时间概念的名称，如：
Sunday Monday Tuesday January February 4.表示中外节日：
国际性节日:New Year May Day Children’s Day Women’s Day
中国节日: Spring Festival Mid-autumn Day National Day
西方节日: Christmas Day Easter(复活节）Father’s Day Mother’s Day Saint Valentine’s Day(情人节)
5. 机构或一些社会团体的名称，它们往往缩写,如:
CCTV UN WTO PLA PRC UFO BBC SOS UN IT NBA IQ EQ PE RMB VIP 1.drink---coffee, milk,tea…
2.food---rice,bread,meat…porridge, tofu,… 3.sugar,salt,pepper,butter…
4.weather---rain,snow,ice,cloud,wind…
5.cotton,silk,wool,mental,paper,wood,glass, plastic
可数名词单数一般可用a，an，one来修饰 注：a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前*a book，* an English book，* an hour。
名词的复数形式 规则变化
(1) 一般在复数名词后加“s”
dog – dogs book – books
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(2) 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”
box – boxes watch – watches bus--buses (3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es” country – countries factory – factories
请区别：如果是元音字母加y 结尾的名词则只须加“s”
boy – boys holiday-holidays monkey – monkeys (4) 以f、fe 结尾的名词,变f、fe 为v再加“es”
half – halves shelf – shelves knife – knives leaf – leaves 特殊:belief---beliefs roof---roofs
(5) 以o结尾的名词,一般情况加s,读作/z/.potato，tomato，hero除外 * piano – pianos * zoo – zoos
radio-radios bamboo--bamboos
2.不规则变化 (1)单复数同形
fish–fish Japanese – Japanese Chinese-Chinese sheep–sheep (2)变元音字母oo为ee
tooth – teeth foot – feet (3).变man为 men
man – men woman – women policeman – policemen Frenchman – Frenchmen
请区别：German(德国人) – Germans (“中日”不变“英法”变，其余s加后面) (4).常以复数形式出现的名词
people clothes shoes trousers glasses 这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数 * My clothes are newer than yours.
3.可数名词可以被a, an, one, two以及 how many，many，a few，few，any，lots of, a lot of ， some等修饰
*There are a few people in the park.
*How many knives are there in your pencil-box?
1.Several _____ are talking under the tree．And they are talking about______. A．woman; children B．woman; child C．women; children 2. There are three in my family. A. people B. person C. child
3. Some ______ came to our school for a visit that day.
A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies 4. In the picture there are many______ and two_______.
A. sheeps; knifes B. sheeps; knife C. sheep; knives D. sheep; knife
5. There are four_______and two_______in the group. A. Japanese，Germen B. Japaneses，Germen C. Japanese，German D. Japanese，Germans ★不可数名词
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物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如: water，rice，fish，meat 等。
work chalk time space music money weather homework wood information news medicine 1.单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数 Some bread is over there. No news is good news.
2.不可数名词不能被a, an, one, two等修饰，常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, some, any，plenty of 等修饰 They had much money.
He does little housework at home.
*a rice (X) two bread (X)
3.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同
glass(玻璃)– a glass(玻璃杯) work(工作) – a work(著作) time(时间) – times(次数)
练习
①. Please give me ______ paper.
A. one B. a pieces C. a piece D. a piece of ②. This table is made of_______. A. many glass B. some glasses C. glasses D. glass ③. —What can I do for you, sir? —I'd like two_________.
A.bottle of milk B.bottles of milks C.bottles of milk D.bottle of milks ④. We can do the work better with______money and ________ people.
A. less, fewer B. fewer, less C. little, little D. few, few 当people, class, family, team, group, public, police 等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。 e.g The class are waiting for her. Tom’s family _____ rather big. Tom’s family _________ film fans. news, maths, politics 表示单数意义，动词用单数。 e.g The news makes her very happy. Maths ___ not easy for him.
名词所有格
表示名词间的所有关系“ …的” 一.名词所有格的构成方法
1.一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加“’s” Kangkang’s father Lucy’s book
2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“ ’”即可 Teachers’ office The Greens’ house
3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“’s” * Children’ s Day * men’ s shoes
4.无生命名词的所有关系用of *a picture of the classroom 加名词，构成所属关系的短语
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