5-9ÔÚ25 ¡æ £¬ 1.47MPa ϰѰ±ÆøÍ¨ÈëÈÝ»ýΪ1.00 L ¸ÕÐÔ±ÚÈÝÆ÷ÖУ¬ÔÚ350¡æ Ï´߻¯¼Áʹ²¿·Ö°±·Ö½âΪµªÆøºÍÇâÆø£¬²âµÃ×ÜѹΪ 5MPa £¬Ç󰱵ĽâÀë¶ÈºÍ¸÷×é·ÖµÄĦ¶û·ÖÊýºÍ·Öѹ¡£
5-10 ijÒÒÏ©ºÍ×ãÁ¿µÄÇâÆøµÄ»ìºÏÆøÌåµÄ×ÜѹΪ 6930Pa £¬ÔÚ²¬´ß»¯¼Á´ß»¯Ï·¢ÉúÈçÏ·´Ó¦£º C2H4(g) +H2(g) === C2H6(g)
·´Ó¦½áÊøÊ±Î¶ȽµÖÁÔζȺó²âµÃ×ÜѹΪ4530Pa ¡£ÇóÔ»ìºÏÆøÌåÖÐÒÒÏ©µÄĦ¶û·ÖÊý¡£
17
5-11ÒÔÏÂÄÄЩ¹ØÏµÊ½ÊÇÕýÈ·µÄ£¨ p¡¢V¡¢n ÎÞϱêʱ±íʾ»ìºÏÆøÌåµÄ×Üѹ¡¢×ÜÌå»ýºÍ×ܵÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£©£¿ËµÃ÷ÀíÓÉ¡£ pVB = nBRT pBV = nBRT pBVB = nRT pV = nRT
5-12ÒÔÏÂϵͳÄÚ¸÷Óм¸¸öÏࣿ
£¨1£© Ë®ÈÜÐÔµ°°×ÖʵÄË®ÈÜÒº£»£¨2£©ÇâÑõ»ìºÏÆøÌ壻£¨3£©ÑÎËáÓëÌú¿é·¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄϵͳ £¨4£©³¬ÁÙ½ç״̬µÄË®¡£
5-13 10gË®ÔÚ 373K ºÍ100kPa ÏÂÆû»¯£¬Ëù×öµÄ¹¦¶à´ó£¿£¨ÉèË®ÕôÆøÎªÀíÏëÆøÌ壩
-1
5-14·´Ó¦CaC2(s) + 2H2O(l) ====Ca(OH)2(s) + C2H2(g)ÔÚ 298K ϵıê׼Ħ¶ûÈÈÁ¦Ñ§Äܱ仯Á¿Îª-128 kJ.mol ¡£Çó¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄ±ê׼Ħ¶ûìʱ䡣
5-15 ÈËÀàµÇÔÂʹÓõİ¢²¨ÂÞ»ð¼ýµÄµÚÒ»¼¶»ð¼ýʹÓÃÁË550 ¶ÖúÓÍÔÚ2.5minÄÚÓëÑõÆø·¢ÉúȼÉÕ²úÉú¾Þ´óÍÆÁ¦¡£ÒÔC12H26£¨l£©ÎªÃºÓÍµÄÆ½¾ù·Ö×ÓʽµÄȼÉÕÈÈΪ-7513 kJ.mol-1 £¬ÊÔ¼ÆËãÕâ¸öȼÉÕ·¢Ó¦µÄ¹¦ÂÊ¡£
5-16ÒÑÖªAl2O3(s) ºÍMnO2 µÄ±ê׼Ħ¶ûÉú³ÉìÊΪ-1676 kJ.mol ºÍ -521 kJ.mol-1 £¬¼ÆËã1gÂÁÓë×ãÁ¿MnO2·´
-1
Ó¦£¨ÂÁÈÈ·¨£©²úÉúµÄÈÈÁ¿¡£
18
5-17ÒÑÖªCl-£¨aq£©µÄ±ê׼Ħ¶ûÉú³ÉìÊΪ-167.5 kJ.mol-1 £¬¼ÆËã1 mol HCl(g) ÈÜÓÚ×ãÁ¿µÄË®ÊͷŶàÉÙÈÈ£¿[×¢]¼ÆËãµÃµ½µÄֵΪÂÈ»¯ÇâµÄÈÛ½âÈÈ£»HCl(g)µÄ±ê׼Ħ¶ûÉú³Éìʿɴӱ¾Ê鸽±íÖвé»ñ¡£¼ÙÉèË®Á¿µÄ¶àÉÙÓëË®ºÏ·´Ó¦µÄ³Ì¶ÈÎ޹أ¨ÊÂʵÉÏÊÇÓйصģ¬Òò´ËµÄÊýֵͨ³£É趨ΪÎÞÏÞÏ¡ÊÍ¡££©
5-18Óñê׼Ħ¶ûÉú³ÉìʵÄÊý¾Ý¼ÆËãSiF4(g) Óë×ãÁ¿H2O(l) ·´Ó¦Éú³É SiO2(s) ºÍHF(g) µÄĦ¶û·´Ó¦ìÊ¡£
5-19ÀûÓñ¾Ê鸽±íÓëÏÂÁÐÊý¾Ý¼ÆËãʯ»ÒÑÒ[ÒÔ CaCO3 £¨·½½âʯ£©¼Æ]±» CO2(g) ÈܽⷢÓý³É ¿¦Ë¹ÌصØÐεÄÈçÏ·´Ó¦µÄ±ê׼Ħ¶ûÉú³ÉìÊ£ºCaCO3(s) + CO2(g)+ H2O(l)===Ca (aq) +2HCO3(aq) ¡÷fHm¦È/ kJ.mol-1: Ca2+ (aq) -543.0 HCO3-(aq) -691.1
2+
-
5-20»ð²ñÍ·ÖеÄP4S3(s)µÄ±ê׼Ħ¶ûȼÉÕÈÈΪ-3677 kJ.mol [×¢£ºÈ¼ÉÕ²úÎïΪ P4O10(s)ºÍSO2 ]£¬ÀûÓñ¾Ê鸽
-1
±íµÄÊý¾Ý¼ÆËãP4S3(s)µÄ±ê׼Ħ¶ûÉú³ÉìÊ¡£
19
5-21ŵ±´¶û£¨Alfred Nobel 1833-1896£© ·¢Ã÷µÄÕ¨Ò©±¬Õ¨¿Éʹ²úÉúµÄÆøÌåÒòÈÈÅòÕÍÌå»ýÔö´ó1200±¶£¬Æä»¯Ñ§ÔÀíÊÇÏõËá¸ÊÓÍ·¢ÉúÈçÏ·ֽⷴӦ£º
4C3H5(NO3)3(l) ===6N2(g) + 10H20(g) + 12CO2(g) +O2(g)
ÒÑÖªC3H5(NO3)3(l)µÄ±ê׼Ħ¶ûÉú³ÉìÊΪ-355 kJ.mol-1 £¬¼ÆË㱬ը·´Ó¦µÄ±ê׼Ħ¶û·´Ó¦ìÊ¡£
5-22Éúʯ»ÒµÄË®»¯·´Ó¦·Å³öµÄÈÈ×ãÒÔ½«Ö½ÕÅ×Å»ð»ò¼¦µ°ÖóÊì¡£ÊÔÀûÓñ¾Ê鸽±íµÄÊý¾Ý¼ÆËã500g£¨1ÊнÉúʯ»Ò£¨s£©Óë×ãÁ¿µÄË®Éú³ÉÊìʯ»Ò£¨s£©·Å³öµÄÈÈ£¨×¢£º¿ÉºöÂÔÈܽⷴӦ£©¡£
5-23ÉúÃüÌåµÄÈÈԴͨ³£ÒÔÉãÈëµÄ¹©ÈÈÎïÖÊÕÛºÏ³ÉÆÏÌÑÌÇȼÉÕÊͷŵÄÈÈÁ¿£¬ÒÑÖªÆÏÌÑÌÇ[C6H12O6(s)]µÄ±ê׼Ħ¶ûÉú³ÉìÊΪ-1272 kJ.mol £¬ÀûÓñ¾Ê鸽±íµÄÊý¾Ý¼ÆËãËüµÄȼÉÕÈÈ¡£
-1
20