词法与句法总复习

3.基本结构: was/were+doing

4.否定形式: was/were + not + doing.

5.一般疑问句: 把was或were放于句首。 五、现在完成时: 1.概念:

过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。

2.时间状语:

recently, lately, since?for?,in the past few years, already ,yet ,never ,ever, just, before, so far ,once, twice etc.

3.基本结构: have/has + done

4.否定形式: have/has + not +done.

5.一般疑问句: 把have或has放于句首。 6.反义疑问句: 直接用has /have 进行反问 7.注意:

1).have been to /have gone to /have been in 的区别 have been to +地点 表示曾经去过某地,现人已返回。(once ,twice ….)

have gone to +地点 表示人已去了某地,人还未返回。(where is sb ?)

have been in +地点 表示在某地呆多长时间。

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(for…../ since …..) 2).与时间段连用时,短暂性动词应改为相应的延续性动词。

Come/go to ------ be at /in leave ----be away from buy ----have borrow /lend -----keep open ---be open close---be closed die---dead start/begin ----be on join—--be in /be a member of /be a soldier become –be make friend ---be friend get up ---be up

fall asleep ---be asleep catch a cold – have a cold reach/get/arrive---stay/be 3).现在完成时的四种句型:

A).主语+短暂性动词的过去式+ 时间+ago

B).主语+have/has +延续性动词的过去分词+for…./since …. ago .

C).It’s +时间段+since +短暂性动词的过去式

D).时间段+has passed +since +短暂性动词的过去式

His grandfather died two years ago .

His grandfather has ____ ____ for two years. _____two years _____ his grandfather ____.

Two years ____ ____ ____ his grandfather _____. 4).现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

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现在完成时与现在有关的时态,他侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响。而一般过去时侧重于表示过去的动作与现在无关,若询问该动作发生的具体的时间时,只能用一般现在时。

Has he returned the library book ? Yes, he has. When ____ he _____(return) it ?He ____ (return)it yesterday afternoon . 六、过去完成时: 1.概念:

以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。 2.时间状语:

1).before+过去时间,by+ 过去时间, by the end of last year(term, month?)

2).by the time +从句(一般过去时),主句(过去完成时)

3).用于由when ,after , before 引导的时间状语从句中,前后两动作都发生在过去。

过去完成时+when/before +一般过去时 一般过去时+after +过去完成时 4).用于宾语从句中。 3.基本结构:

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had + done. 4.否定形式:

had + not + done. 5.一般疑问句: 把had放于句首。 七、一般将来时: 1.概念:

表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 2.时间状语:

tomorrow, next day(week, month, year ) ,soon, in+一段时间, by?,the day after tomorrow, this evening ,tonight 3.基本结构:

1).am/is/are/going to + do; 2).will/shall + do.

3).用现在进行时表示将来,动词come, go ,start,leave ,fly,move ,begin ,get ….

4).当主句为一般将来时,由if ,as soon as ,until, when ,before, after, unless 引导的状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 4.否定形式:

①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't,同时

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还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句:

①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。 八、过去将来时: 1.概念:

立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。 2.时间状语:

the next day(morning, year?),the following month(week?), by then , 3.基本结构:

①was/were/going to + do; ②would/should + do. 4.否定形式:

①was/were/not + going to + do; ②would/should + not + do. 5.一般疑问句:

①was或were放于句首; ②would/should 提到句首。

九:被动语态

一.被动语态的时态: 1.一般现在时的被动语态:

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