英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习
一、句子的基本结构（5种）
1、主语+谓语（s+v） 2、主语+系动词+表语（s+l+p）
3、主语+谓语+宾语（s+v+o） 4、主语+谓语+间接宾语（指人）+直接宾语（指物）(s+v+io+do)
5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（s+v+o+c）
二、句子成分：（主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语）
1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east （ ） He likes dancing. （ ）
Twenty years is a short time in history. ( ) Seeing is believing. （ ）
To see is to believe.（ ） What he needs is a book.（）
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（ ）
(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
2. 谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。 We study English. He is asleep.
(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词
① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B.longer C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon
⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast 3. 表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. （ ） Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （ ）
Five and five is ten. （ ） He is asleep. （ ）
His father is in.（ ） The picture is on the wall. ( )
My watch is gone / missing / lost. （ ）
The question is whether they will come. （ ）
（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）……
It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. (三) 挑出下列句中的表语
① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim?
③ The leaves have turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject. ⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
4. 宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：
I like China. （ ） He hates you. （ ）
How many do you need? We need two. （ ） I enjoy working with you. （ ）
I hope to see you again. （ ） Did you write down what he said? （ ）
2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
He gave me a book yesterday . Give the poor man some money. (四) 挑出下列句中的宾语
① My brother hasn't done his homework. ② People all over the world speak English.
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. ④ How many new words did you learn last class?
⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?