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知识要点：
1、了解中考阅读理解的文章体裁
2、中考阅读理解题型分析与解题技巧
1.了解中考阅读理解的文章体裁
中考阅读理解文章的体裁主要有四类：记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文。
1）、记叙文
叙述文一般以讲述个人生活经历为主，对于经历的陈述通常由一定的时间概念贯穿其中，或顺序或倒序。
2）、说明文
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式来解说事物、阐明事理而给人知识的文章体裁。 3)、应用文
所谓应用文是人们在生活、学习、工作中为处理实际事物而写作，有着实用性特点，并形成惯用格式的文章。
4）、议论文
议论文是对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。
2.中考阅读理解题型分析与解题技巧
一般来说，阅读理解题型设计，大致可以分为以下几种题型： A. 主旨大意型；B.细节理解型；C.词义猜测型；D.推理判断型
A.主旨大意题
主旨大意题的常见的提问形式：
The best title for this passage may be … This is a passage about …
What is the main idea of this passage?
The passage mainly tells us about …
The writer wrote the passage in order to …
技巧解析：主旨大意题主要考查对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。因此，在做题时，要注意每段的主题句。抓住主题句，就不难确定文章的中心思想。 寻找主题句的方法：
1.认真阅读文章的首尾段或每段的首尾句子。
2.文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述。抓住反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。
Example : （2010，龙岩）
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There are many different ways to travel to Paris from London. One of the quickest and most popular ways is by train. From Waterloo Railway Station, you can travel all the way to Paris. The journey takes about three hours. The train, called the Eurostar, is very modern, and the seats are comfortable.
You can also travel to France by ship. …… Another way to travel to Paris is by plane. ……
80. The passage mainly tells us about_______. A. different ways traveling from London to Paris B. international flights from London to Paris
C. buses stopping at Ferry Terminal Seven in Dover
主题句出现在段首： 在议论文和说明文中，一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证或说明细节。
（2008，厦门）
Every 30 seconds there is an earthquake. But don't worry because most are so weak that they cannot be. felt. Only a few big ones hurt people.
Many earthquakes happened in China, such as the big one in Sichuan last month. Thousands of people died in it. So it's important to know what to do when one hits. Here are some tips on how to stay safe in an earthquake. 1. If you are indoors during an earthquake, hide (躲藏) under a desk. Stay away from windows and anything that could fall on you.
……
69. The best title of this passage is \ A. How dangerous the earthquake is B. How to be safe during an earthquake C. Don't be afraid of the earthquake
主题句也可能出现在段尾：
作者先摆出事实依据，或者提出问题，然后层层推进，提出解决方法，然后后文再进一步详述。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现，是全文的主题句，下文按照主题句进行展开。
（2011，泉州）
We’ve talked about snails (蜗牛) and their slow move. But much of the time snails don’t move at all. They are in their shells (壳) —sleeping.
Hot sun will dry out a snail’s body. So at the least sign of hot sun, a snail draws its body into his shell. A snail will die in a heavy rain. So when it rains, a snail does the same thing, too. A snail can sleep for as long as it needs to. It spends all the winter months in its shell, asleep.
In the spring the snail wakes up. Its body, about three inches long, comes out from the shell. When hungry, the snail looks for food. Its eyes, at the end of the top feelers (触角), are very weak. But its sense (感觉) of smell is very strong. It helps the snail to find food and the new greens. A snail’s mouth is no bigger than the point of a pin (大头针). Yet it has 256,000 teeth! The teeth
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are very small, and you can’t see them. If you put a snail in a hard paper box, it will eat its way out! And if a snail wears out its teeth, it will grow new ones.
文章的主题也可能以高频词的形式出现。2011年泉州中考卷中并没有出现明确的主题句，但细看之下会发现，文章中“snail”这个词出现的频率高达13次，是整篇文章中出现频率最高的词汇。snail既是文章说明的对象，又是文章的主题。
[Practice]
A
In every little girl’s toy box, there might be a Barbie Doll. Barbie is 50 years old this year. It was designed in 1959 by an American businesswoman named Ruth Handler. She and her husband Elliott started the toy company Mattel. She named the new doll after their daughter Barbara. The first Barbie Doll appeared at the toy fair (交易会) New York on March 9th, 1959. This date is used as Barbie’s birthday.
Mattel sold three hundred thousand Barbie Dolls in the first year at a price of three dollars. Today, a fifty-year-old Barbie in good condition might cost more than twenty-seven thousand dollars. Mattel says 90% of the girls inthe United States aged from three to ten own at least one Barbie Doll. And girls aged three to six own an average (平均) of about twelve.
When Mattel created Barbie Dolls half a century ago, they never thought this doll would become a legend. Now Barbie Dolls are famous all over the world. They are sold in one hundred and fifty countries, and every second three Barbie Dolls are sold around the world. 65. What’s the best title of the passage?
A. Barbie’s birthday B. Barbie Dolls
C. A lovely girl named Barbie D. Why are Barbies popular
B ……
School life should be some of the best and happiest days of our lives.We shouldn’t waste this wonderful time. Don’t say things are difficult and boring. Don’t be too disappointed if things sometimes go badly. Don’t let small problems seem very big. Be confident, go and play sports, work on a project, or help someone with problems. There are always a lot of things to do to relax yourself and make you happy.
60. What can we learn from the passage?
A. How to get high scores. B. How to be relaxed and happy. C. How to make friends with foreigners.
B.细节理解题
细节理解题常用的设问方式：
Which of the following statement is true?
Which of the following is mentioned in the passage? Which of the following is not the result of…?
技巧解析：