无机化学课后习题答案
第1章 化学反应中的质量关系和能量关系 习题参考答案
1.解:1.00吨氨气可制取2.47吨硝酸。 2.解:氯气质量为2.9×10g。 3.解:一瓶氧气可用天数
3
4.解:
= 318 K
℃
5.解:根据道尔顿分压定律
p(N2) = 7.6?10Pa p(O2) = 2.0?104 Pa p(Ar) =1?103 Pa 6.解:(1)
(2) (3)
7.解:(1)p(H2) =95.43 kPa (2)m(H2) =
= 0.194 g
0.114mol;
4
8.解:(1)? = 5.0 mol
(2)? = 2.5 mol
结论: 反应进度(?)的值与选用反应式中的哪个物质的量的变化来进行计算无关,但与反应式的写法有关。 9.解:
U = Qp ? p
V = 0.771 kJ
10.解: (1)V1 = 38.310-3 m3= 38.3L
(2) T2 = = 320 K
(3)?W = ? (?p?V) = ?502 J (4) ?U = Q + W = -758 J (5) ?H = Qp = -1260 J
= ? 226.2 kJ·mol?1
11.解:NH3(g) + 12.解:
O2(g) NO(g) + H2O(g)
= Qp = ?89.5 kJ =
? ?nRT
= ?96.9 kJ
13.解:(1)C (s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)
= CO2(g) +
(CO2, g) = ?393.509 kJ·mol?1 C(s) → CO(g)
= 86.229 kJ·mol?1
CO(g) +
Fe2O3(s) →
Fe(s) + CO2(g)
= ?8.3 kJ·mol?1
各反应之和
= ?315.6 kJ·mol?1。
(2)总反应方程式为
C(s) + O2(g) +
Fe2O3(s) →
CO2(g) +
Fe(s)
= ?315.5 kJ·mol?1
由上看出:(1)与(2)计算结果基本相等。所以可得出如下结论:反应的热效应只与反应的始、终态有关,而与反应的途径无关。 14.解:
(3)=
== 4
(2)×3-(1)×2=?1266.47 kJ·mol?1
(Fe3O4, s) =?3347.6 kJ·mol?1
15.解:(1)Qp =(Al2O3, s) -3
(2)Q = ?4141 kJ·mol?1
16.解:(1) =151.1 kJ·mol?1 (2) = ?905.47 kJ·mol?1(3)
=?71.7 kJ·mol?1 17.解:=2
(AgCl, s)+
(H2O, l)?
(Ag2O, s)?2
(HCl, g)
(AgCl, s) = ?127.3 kJ·mol?1
18.解:CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)
=
(CO2, g) + 2
(H2O, l) ?(CH4, g)
= ?890.36 kJ·mo ?1 Q4
p = ?3.69?10kJ
第2章 化学反应的方向、速率和限度 习题参考答案
1.解:
= ?3347.6 kJ·mol?1;
= ?216.64 J·mol?1·K?1;
= ?3283.0 kJ·mol?1 < 0
该反应在298.15K及标准态下可自发向右进行。
2.解:
= 113.4 kJ·mol?1 > 0
该反应在常温(298.15 K)、标准态下不能自发进行。 (2)
= 146.0 kJ·mol?1;
= 110.45 J·mol?1·K?1;
= 68.7 kJ·mol?1 > 0
该反应在700 K、标准态下不能自发进行。 3.解:
= ?70.81 kJ·mol?1 ;
= ?43.2 J·mol?1·K?1;
= ?43.9 kJ·mol?1
(2)由以上计算可知:
(298.15 K) = ?70.81 kJ·mol?1; =
? T ·
≤ 0
(298.15 K) = ?43.2 J·mol?1·K?1
T ≥ = 1639 K
4.解:(1) = =
=
(2) = =
(3)
= = =
=
(4) = =
5.解:设
= 、
基本上不随温度变化。
=
? T ·
(298.15 K) = ?233.60 kJ·mol?1 (298.15 K) = ?243.03 kJ·mol?1 (298.15 K) = 40.92, 故 (373.15 K) = 34.02,故
6.解:(1)
=2
(298.15 K) = 8.3?1040 (373.15 K) = 1.0?1034
(NH3, g) = ?32.90 kJ·mol?1 <0
该反应在298.15 K、标准态下能自发进行。
(2) 7. 解:(1)
(298.15 K) = 5.76, (l) = 2
(298.15 K) = 5.8?10
5
(NO, g) = 173.1 kJ·mol?1 = ?30.32, 故
= 4.8?10?
31
= (2)
(2) = 2
(N2O, g) =208.4 kJ·mol?1 = ?36.50, 故
= 3.2?10?
37
= (3)
(3) = 2
(NH3, g) = ?32.90 kJ·mol?1 = 5.8?10
5
= 5.76, 故