A
Sitting for more than three hours a day can decrease a person’s life expectancy(预期寿命) by two years，even if he or she is physically active and gets rid of dangerous habits like smoking，according to a study.Watching TV for more than two hours a day can worsen that problem，decreasing life expectancy by another 1.4 years.
The analysis comes just two years after Australian researchers found that people who said they watched TV for more than four hours a day were 46% more likely to die of any cause than people who said they spent less than two hours a day watching TV.Those watching TV more than four hours a day were also 80% more likely to die of cardiovascular(心血管的) disease.“Sedentary(久坐的) behavior is something we need to pay attention to，beyond telling people to get 30 minutes of activity a day，” said Peter T．Katzmarzyk，one of the lead researchers.But while the evidence of illnesses is increasing，it remains difficult for many people to find time to get on their feet，especially if they do desk jobs.
“Try to stand as much as you can，” Dr.Katzmarzyk said.“Typically when you’re on the telephone you can stand and use the speakerphone.Instead of emailing someone in the office，just get up and go to talk to them.” However，Dr.Katzmarzyk added，standing shouldn’t be an alternative to exercising，but an alternative to sitting.“Several studies show that when you’re sitting，your leg muscles are completely inactive，” he said.“When you’re sitting and completely inactive，this is when you run into trouble managing blood glucose(血糖)．” 1．What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A．Watching TV too long can worsen our mental health. B．We should be active and give up smoking. C．Sitting for too long a day can shorten one’s life. D．Smoking too much can be harmful to health. 答案 C
解析 段落大意题。根据第一段第一句中的“Sitting for more than three hours a day can decrease a person’s life expectancy(预期寿命) by two years...”可知，答案为C项。 2．The researchers draw the conclusion on the effect of sedentary behavior by . A．making comparisons B．listing figures C．giving examples 答案 A
解析 细节理解题。作者在第二段用数据比较的方式说明了久坐和人的寿命之间的关系，故选A项。
3．What does Dr.Katzmarzyk think of sedentary behavior? A．It warns people to exercise 30 minutes a day.
D．classifying facts
B．It’s a bad behavior worth considering seriously. C．It can lead to death at once. D．It is good for desk job workers. 答案 B
解析 推理判断题。依据文章第二段中Katzmarzyk所说的话及最后一段中的“...your leg muscles are completely inactive...”和“...this is when you run into trouble managing blood glucose(血糖)．”可知，Dr.Katzmarzyk认为久坐对身体不利，我们应认真对待这个坏习惯。故选B项。
4．According to Dr.Katzmarzyk，if you are sitting all the time，you may . A．phone your friends and talk about your problem B．put on weight quickly and become more inactive C．want to have more sugar for your meals D．find it hard to keep your blood glucose proper 答案 D
解析 推理判断题。依据文章的最后一句可知，Katzmarzyk认为，如果长时间地坐着，人的血糖就会出现问题。故选D项。
B
The adder(蝰蛇) is the only poisonous snake native to Britain.Adders have the most highly developed poison injecting mechanism of all snakes，but they are not aggressive animals.Adders will only use their poison as a last means of defence，usually if caught or trodden on.No one has died from adder bites in Britain for over 20 years.By far，the most common snake in Britain is the adder.In Scotland，in fact，there are no other snakes at all.The adder is also the only British snake with a poisonous bite.It can be found almost anywhere，but it prefers sunny hillsides and rough open country，including highlands.In Ireland，there are no snakes at all.
Most people regard snakebites as a fatal misfortune，but not all bites are serious，and very few are fatal.Sometimes attempts at emergency treatment turn out to be more dangerous than the bite itself，with amateurs heroically，but mistakenly，trying do-it-yourself surgery and other unnecessary measures.
All snakes have small teeth，so it follows the tall snakes can bite，but only the bite of the adder presents any danger.British snakes are shy animals and are far more frightened of you than you could possibly be of them.The adder will attack only if it feels threatened，as can happen if you take it by surprise and step on it accidentally，or if you try to catch it or pick it up，which it dislikes intensely.If it hears you coming，it will normally get out of the way as quickly as it can，but adders cannot move very rapidly and may attack before moving if you are very close.
The effect of a bite varies considerably.It depends upon several things，one of which is the body-weight of the person bitten.The heavier the person is，the less harmful the bite is likely to be，which is why children suffer far more seriously from snakebites in Britain，and people think these bites can make some people very ill，and there are probably just as many cases of bites having little or no effect，as there are of serious illness.
5．What does the underlined phrase “trodden on” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Found out. C．Stepped on. 答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Adders will only use their poison as a last means of defence，usually if caught...”及第三段中的“The adder will attack only if it feels threatened，as can happen if you take it by surprise and step on it accidentally...”可知，蝰蛇将其毒液作为最后的防御方式，如果它被抓住或被踩到，它通常会使用毒液。故选择C。 6．Where are adders to be found? A．In fertile fields in Scotland. B．On wild land throughout Britain. C．In many parts of Britain and Ireland. D．Everywhere in Britain except Scotland. 答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“By far，the most common snake in Britain is the adder.”及“It can be found almost anywhere，but it prefers sunny hillsides and rough open country，including highlands.”可知，在英国的野地里能找到蝰蛇。故选B项。 7．What should you do if you are with someone who is bitten by an adder? A．Catch the biting adder at once. B．Don’t worry about the bitten person. C．Don’t try to treat the bite by yourself. D．Operate on the person as soon as possible. 答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Sometimes attempts at emergency treatment turn out to be more dangerous than the bite itself，with amateurs heroically，but mistakenly，trying do-it-yourself surgery and other unnecessary measures.”可知，如果被蝰蛇咬到，不要自己治疗咬伤，因为有时不当的治疗措施会比咬伤本身还要危险。故选C项。 8．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Poisonous Snakes
B．Heard from. D．Robbed of.
B．Adders in Britain C．Take Care of Snakebites D．Protect Endangered Adders 答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了英国的蝰蛇，因此B项最具概括性，最适合作文章的标题。
Ⅱ.语法填空
I can well remember that I was once asked to deliver a speech titled—A Real Test in My Life—before the whole class at the age of 9！You can imagine how 9.terribly(terrible) shy I was the moment I thought of that with so many eyes 10.fixed(fix) upon me.I had no 11.choice(choose) but to prepare for it，though.First of all，I was to draft the speech，which was just a piece of cake for me，a good writer.But the hardest part 12.lay(lie) in my oral presentation from my memory—for to read from the paper was not allowed.The real moment began 13.when I stood on the platform with my legs trembling and my mind blank.But my 14.listeners(listen) were waiting patiently without any signs of rushing me.Gradually I found myself back，giving out my speech with difficulty.After what seemed to be a hundred years，I found my audience applauding—I made 15.it！From then on，my fear of talking before a big audience 16.disappeared(appear)．Actually，with my confidence building up，I now turn out to be a great speaker.Looking back，I know the greatest difficulty on our way 17.to success is our fear.Overcome it,18.and we will be able to achieve our goals.
Ⅲ.短文改错
Until the middle of the 19th century，only women were permitted to become doctors.A determining woman named Elizabeth Blackwell thought that is unfair and changed the course of history.Blackwell was born in England in 1821，and then moved to the U．S.with her family.When he was 23，Blackwell decided to become a doctor.She applied many medical schools，but was told “no” again and again.Finally，three years late，a small school accepted her.She studied hardly and graduated at the head of her class.Before she had her medical degree，Blackwell cared for many patients.She even opened a special hospital for the women and children.Afterwards，she moved back to England and helped women there break up the medical field. 答案
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Ⅳ.书面表达
随着手机的普及，越来越多的学生用手机发短信、上网、玩微信(WeChat)等，这给我们的交际和学习带来了极大的便利，但是手机用得太多也有一些弊端，如长期使用手机对眼睛有害，并影响学习等等。请就此谈谈你的看法。 注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考范文
Now more and more students have their own mobile phones.They not only communicate with friends by making calls，sending messages，using WeChat and so on but also surf the Internet with mobile phones.
On the one hand，it is very convenient for them to make friends，talk with friends and get some useful information through mobile phones.On the other hand，it also has some disadvantages.Firstly，playing mobile phones for too long is bad for their eyes.Secondly，playing mobile phones too often takes up too much time，which has a bad effect on their studies，and they have less time to play sports.As we all know，less exercise means they will become less healthy and fatter.
So we should use mobile phones wisely，and our parents and teachers should monitor us as well.
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