知识点漏洞：
? having done A) having done和having been done都不是动名词结构，因此不能充当名词成分！ 在SC中，如果这两个结构做主语、宾语。必错！ B) having done和having been done做后置定语，必错！ having done做后置定语，一般都要改成相应的定语从句
having been done做后置定语，一般都要改成相应的done做过去分词，或者改成定语从句
C) having done和having been done用于“with独立主格”中必错！ 指with+ sb./sth+ having done/having been done这种情况 D) When/After having done 必错！
“主语，having done, 谓语” （correct）-----非限制性定语
倒装：
---全部：1. 介词开头；2. 形容词开头； 3. 分词开头（doing/done） ---部分：1. No sooner…than…, Hardly…when…和Not until……..； 2. Only when…； 3. If 虚拟；
4. So/Such….that….;
5. 时间频率的词开头（often, many a time）; 6. “形容词/名词/动词+as (though)”引导的让步状语从句；
7. 否定副词开头（never, not…, seldom, hardly, neither, nor, scarcely, rarely, no longer, barely, little）
One of…./the only one of….:
Horatio is one of those people who are late for everything. Horatio is the only one of those people who is late for everything.
? confidence 后面加that 同位语从句 ? n + more + adj (correct)
? more than times as many/much + n. as…. (correct) times as +adj + as…. (correct) times adj-er +than….(correct) times + the + n (correct) ?
? 分词的使用：
(1) 当done在句末时，不管有无逗号，都是就近修饰名词; (2) 当doing在句末时，无逗号是就近修饰的名词的定语；
(3) 当doing在句尾且前有逗号时, 修饰邻近句子的主语, 做主语的伴随状语或做句子的伴随结果. 因此不能用句尾现在分词修饰前面句尾的名词 (4) 当doing/done在句中且前无逗号, 修饰前面紧邻名词; (5) 当doing/done在句中且前后都有逗号, 有歧义: 这种结构在GMAT必错！ （夹心修饰） --------修饰前面紧邻的名词
--------向后修饰后面句子的主语 ? ? ? ? ? ?
in the year 现在完成时， early in the year 过去完成时 What C is to D, that A is to B = A is to B what C is to D rather是副词 , 后面不能加不定式： rather to do (X)
make /feel/believe/find it + adj to do/ that从句 (it只能指代to do/that..) 虚拟语气：that 一定不能省，should一定不要加
当sth.作主语时注意 sth takes sb some time to do 后面不加宾语: Rivaling the pyramids of Egypt or even the ancient cities of the Maya as an
achievement, the army of terra-cotta warriors created to protect Qin Shi
?
? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
?
? ?
Huang, China’s first emperor, in his afterlife is more than 2,000 years old and took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to complete.
【句尾同位语】和【…,V-ing】或【with独立主格】结构不可随意互换，同位语是句尾名词的定语，后二者是主句的伴随状语，意味着与主句同时发生的另一件事 such that (X) being + adj. (X) at a time when ? in an era when ? a period when ? an age in which ? the year that ?
A phenomenon in which ?
a means to do = method for/of doing appear as = show up as 揭露，露出 appear to do/appear to have been 看起来像
总结：有三种结构在句首时，需要考虑逻辑主语是否合适： 【V-ing, SVO】 【介词+ V-ing, SVO】 【To do, SVO】 【-ed, SVO】 a group of pl.(n) + 单数谓语
pronounce A B, declare A B, consider A B
只有出现 no/not才是否定句，（nor/neither/never）都不是 Eg：I’ve never been to USA and Australia. Its numbers are now five times greater than….（numbers不用more, fewer, less修饰）
逗号不能连接完整的主谓结构，要用分号； 句1；句2； and 句 3 Be descended from…… assist…..in doing
By+ doing(by imitating and practicing)和by+noun(by imitation and
practice)的区别还是在于doing和noun之间: doing为动名词形式描述的是动作的发生，noun则是对动作的单纯描述
Very reluctant to carry any extra weight on his plane when he attempted his solo transatlantic flight was the reason that Charles Lindbergh refused to carry even a pound of mail, despite being offered $1,000 to do so. ? date at… 追溯到多少年 (old)
Just as 句子, so 句子 Just as you sow, so you will reap 主从句要尽量形式对称