语法专题8 动词的时态与语态
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2015·北京，22改编)—Did you enjoy the party？导学号 01831541 —Yes，We________(treat) well by our hosts.
答案：were treated 根据上下文，这里谈的是举行过的一次聚会，应该用过去时，并且“我们”是被主人招待的，所以需用一般过去时的被动语态。句意：——你喜欢这个聚会吗？——是的，我们的主人很好地招待了我们。
2．(2015·北京，26改编)In the last few years，China________(make) great achievements in environmental protection.导学号 01831542
答案：has made 时间状语in/over the last few years通常与现在完成时连用。句意：在过去的几年中，中国在环境保护方面取得了巨大成就。
3．(2015·北京，30改编)—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.导学号 01831543
—All right.I________(call) him later.
答案：will call 据第一句的时态判断，Dr. Jackson目前不在办公室，所以打电话是将来的事。句意：——Dr. Jackson现在不在办公室。——好的，我待会再给他打。
4．(2015·天津，6改编)Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she________(teach) a class at that time.导学号 01831544
答案：will be teaching 根据题干时间状语3 o'clock this afternoon的提示可知，动作发生时间为将来；而句尾的at that time为一个特定的时间点，因此，该题强调在将来的大时间背景下的某一个特定时间点发生的事，故用将来进行时。
5．(2015·天津，9改编)Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement________(reach) so far by the two sides.导学号 01831545
答案：has been reached 本句中的时间状语so far表示“到目前为止”，为现在完成时的标志词。reach no agreement短语中no agreement作主语，reach要用被动，故结合时态可知填has been reached。
6．(2015·陕西，22改编)Marty ________(work) really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday.导学号 01831546
答案：has been working 由后文提示he'll have finished it by Friday可知，work动作发生在过去，延续到现在，现在还在进行，故要用现在完成进行时态。句意：马蒂一直在非常认真地写书，他认为他在周五前将会完成。
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7．(2015·安徽，24改编)Just as I got to the school gate，I realized I ________(leave) my book in the cafe.导学号 01831547
答案：had left “我把书忘在了咖啡馆”发生在“我意识到这件事”之前，而“我意识到”是发生在过去的一个动作，故“忘记”应用过去完成时。
8．(2015·安徽，29改编)It is reported that a space station ________(build) on the moon in years to come.导学号 01831548
答案：will be built 时间状语in years to come(在将来的几年里)，故主语从句的时态用一般将来时；太空站是被建造，用被动语态。
9．(2015·浙江，8改编)Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child，few people guessed that he ________(be) a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.导学号 01831549
答案：would be 主句时态是过去时，从句动作在过去的时间上看是将来的事情，故用过去将来时。
10．(2015·湖南，22改编)As you go through this book, you ________(find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.导学号 01831550
答案：will find 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。在一般将来时的句子中，有时会出现表示将来时的时间状语，若不出现时间状语，要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。句意：当你通读这本书的时候，你将会发现数百万的经历过二战的每个人都有不同的经历。
11．(2015·湖南，28改编)He must have sensed that I ________(look)at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly，“Why are you staring at me like that？”导学号 01831551
答案：was looking 题干中没有出现具体的时间状语，可以从意义上去把握。此句在意义上应该用进行时，又根据此句中的must have sensed和glanced at可知是过去进行时。句意：他一定感觉到我在看着他。他突然看向我然后轻声问道：“你为什么一直那样盯着我看？”
12．(2015·湖南，32改编)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy，but________(hold)back thankfully by the shop window.导学号 01831552
答案：was held 被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。hold back阻隔，隐瞒。句意：我非常想进去玩玩具，但是我幸好被橱窗阻隔了。根据句意，此句含有被动语态在里面，hold back
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要用被动语态。
13．(2015·四川，4改编)More expressways________(build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.导学号 01831553
答案：will be built 根据题干中的时间状语soon可知，用将来时。expressways与build为被动关系，用被动语态。句意：四川不久将建设更多的高速公路以促进当地经济的发展。
14．(2015·重庆，1改编)—Is Peter coming？导学号 01831554
—No，he ______(change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute. 答案：changed 句意：——Peter来吗？——没有，刚才接到一个电话后改变主意了。根据at the last minute发生在过去，故用一般过去时。
15．(2015·重庆，13改编)In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat ______(be) cut.导学号 01831555
答案：has been 表示动作已经发生或完成用现在完成时。句意：在我的家乡，收麦过后农民会举行一个丰收晚宴。
16．(2015·福建，26改编)To my delight，I ________(choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.导学号 01831556
答案：was chosen 主语I与choose之间为动宾关系；再由语境可知，choose的动作已经完成，故要用一般过去时态的被动语态。句意：令我高兴的是，我被从数百名参与者中选中参加开幕式。
17．(2015·福建，30anywhere.导学号 01831557
—He went to the library after breakfast and ________(write) his essay there ever since.
答案：has been writing 由句子中的时间状语ever since可知，本句要用现在完成时态或者现在完成进行时态。由语境可知，write动作现在还在进行，要用现在完成进行时态。句意：——皮特呢？我到处找不到他。——他早饭后去图书馆了。自那之后就一直在那儿写文章。
18．(2015·江苏，30改编)The real reason why prices________(be), and still are，too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.导学号 01831558
答案：were 根据语境，prices...still are，too high，推出前一空是想说明prices过去也高。故用过去式。该题中still是关键。句意：价格过去高，现在仍旧太高的原因很
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改编)—Where is Peter？I can't find him
复杂，短暂的讨论是不能令人满意地解释这个问题的。
19．(2015·四川成都七中段考改编)The young firefighter insisted that he ________(be) well-prepared and ________(send) there to put out the fire.导学号 01831559
答案：was；(should) be sent 句意为：那位年轻的消防员坚持说他准备好了，并且坚持要去那里救火。当insist意为“坚持说；坚持认为”时用陈述语气，故第一空填was；当insist意为“坚持”时，从句谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”，又因为firefighter与send之间为被动关系，故填(should) be sent。
20．(2015·浙江金华十校联考改编)Many parents don't want to face it, but the world today is a lot different than it ________(be) in their school days.导学号 01831560
答案：was 句意为：(尽管)许多父母不愿意去面对，但今天的世界与他们在学校的岁月已大不相同。根据语境及时间状语in their school days可知用一般过去时。
Ⅱ.语法填空导学号 01831561
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dad quit drinking exactly one year before I was born. He joined a group of other people. He said they __1__ (stop) drinking, too. I loved my dad __2__ I hated the way his weekly meetings took him away from me. It seemed that they were more important to him than I was. But with my birthday coming up I thought Dad __3__ (make) an exception. I begged him not to miss it but __4__ (refuse). He said, “I am chairing the meeting this Saturday. We __5__ (have) your party on Sunday. Why not come with me together tonight? It's an open meeting. All __6__ (be) welcome.” I agreed. Maybe I needed to see why something Dad did every week mattered so much.
After we arrived, Dad announced __7__ theme of the meeting was going to be gratitude. He told his story about giving up smoking. __8__ (late), a man called Dave also told his story. Only then did I know it was Dad that saved his life __9__ drinking. Showing up week after week and meeting with people, Dad __10__ (change) lives. Shame washed over me.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______ 6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______ 答案：
1．had stopped stop发生在过去动作said之前，故此处填had stopped。 2．but 由loved与hated之间的对比判断本空填转折连词but。
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3．would make 根据前面的coming up判断，make是在过去看来将来要发生的动作，故填would make。
4．was refused 句子的主语是I，与refuse之间是被动关系，故填was refused，构成一般过去时的被动语态。
5．will have 该句是直接引用的，根据this Saturday判断，have是将来的动作，故填will have。
6．are 句子一般现在时，all指代入，故填are。 7．the 特指本次会议的主题，故theme前用定冠词。 8．Later 此处表示“稍后”意义，作状语，故填副词Later。 9．from save...from...“从??拯救??”，是固定搭配。
10．was changing 此处表示一个逐渐变化的过程，故用进行时，所以本空填was changing。
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．(2015·云南师大附中适应性月考)．..took him to US, where he introduced to the Internet.导学号 01831562
答案：introduced前加was he与introduce是被动关系，句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，故加上was。
2．(2015·河北唐山一中期中)Today is Sunday. At about 9：00A.m., I go to the bookstore with my friends.导学号 01831563
答案：go改为went 由前面提供的时间状语判断句子用一般过去时，故改为went。 3．(2015·河北唐山一中期中) Having been seen the film, everyone was deeply moved.导学号 01831564
答案：去掉been 句子的主语即为非谓语动词see的逻辑主语，二者之间是主动关系，故去掉been，成为现在分词的完成式。
4．(2015·辽宁沈阳二中期中) Our city had changed a lot in the last 5 years.导学号 01831565
答案：had改为has 由时间状语in the past 5 years可知句子应该用现在完成时。 5．(2015·辽宁沈阳二中期中) Many overpasses have set up, so it has become very convenient for people to travel.导学号 01831566
答案：have后加been overpasses与动词set up是被动关系表示“被建立”意义，故句子用现在完成时的被动语态。
6．(2015·浙江重点中学协作体适应性测试)In the past, teachers always keep on
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explaining the points in class.导学号 01831567
答案：keep改为kept 由时间状语in the past判断句子用一般过去时，故改为过去式kept。
7．(2015·浙江杭州一模)The river was so polluted that it was actually caught fire and burned.导学号 01831568
答案：去掉第二个was catch fire没有被动语态。
8．(2015·吉林实验中学三检)Nowadays there was a kind of language called Web language.导学号 01831569
答案：was改为is 根据时间状语nowadays判断句子用一般现在时。
9．(2015·山西省太原一模) Last Friday our school was invited a foreign teacher in our city to give a class to the students of Senior Grade Two.导学号 01831570
答案：去掉was 此处表示“我们学校邀请了??”，our school与invite是主动关系，故去掉was，句子用一般过去时。
10．(2015·山西省太原一模)Sometimes he repeated what we don't understand.导学号 01831571
答案：don't改为didn't 根据主句时态判断从句也用一般过去时。
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