缔约过失论文：缔约过失 诚实信用原则 先合同义务 信赖利
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【中文摘要】缔约过失责任的思想在罗马法时期就已出现,1861年德国学者耶林第一次提出缔约过失理论。之后百余年来,许多国家都不同程度地认可并引入了该理论。同时缔约过失责任制度也随着各国的立法和判例不断得以完善,并成为民事领域中的一项重要制度。该理论提出后,突破了传统民法无合同无责任的理论,弥补了一方当事人在缔约阶段因过错造成相对方损失却不承担法律责任的情况,对大陆法系和英美法系国家的立法和司法产生了深远的影响。我国《合同法》明确规定了缔约过失责任制度,这对于维护缔约当事人的合法利益,保障市场经济秩序的稳定与安全都有着积极、重要的意义。然而,我国《合同法》有关缔约过失责任制度的规定也存在一些不足之处,比如对先合同义务的内容、赔偿范围等问题没有作出具体规定。本文出于完善我国缔约过失责任制度的,从缔约过失责任理论的产生、影响着手,阐述了缔约过失责任的理论基础、法律地位、适用范围及赔偿问题,并分析了我国现行有关缔约过失责任的立法情况,提出了完善我国缔约过失责任制度的几点建议,希望得到学术界前辈及同仁的指导和批评。本文分为四个部分：第一部分介绍了缔约过失责任理论在罗马法时期的萌芽思想、缔约过失责任理论的产生及对大陆法系国家和英美法系国家的影响。该理论的诞生使人们认识到当事人在缔约阶段负有以诚实信用原则为基础产生的先合同义务。违反该义
务要承担相应的法律责任,缔约阶段不是法律调整的“飞地”。第二部分对缔约过失责任的基本理论问题进行了阐述,包括缔约过失责任的概念、特征、构成要件。有关缔约过失责任的概念,学者们的界定并不一致,但其本质却是一致的,即过错方要对缔约过程中给相对方造成的损失承担赔偿责任；此外,本部分还通过对缔约过失责任理论基础的分析,比较了缔约过失责任与侵权责任和违约责任的异同,并以此为基础得出缔约过失责任是一种独立的民事责任的结论。第三部分对缔约过失责任的适用情形及赔偿范围问题进行了探讨,其中,对缔约过失责任的适用范围进行了详细介绍,包括合同不成立时、合同成立后生效前、合同被撤销后以及合同生效后适用缔约过失责任的情形。同时也论述了缔约过失责任的赔偿范围是信赖利益,包括直接损失和间接损失。第四部分分析了我国缔约过失责任的立法现状以及完善缔约过失责任若干法律问题的几点建议。
【英文摘要】The fault liability is originated from the Roman Law. In 1861, Jhering firstly proposed the concept of the theory. After more than a century, the theory has been widely recognized by many countries. And the same time the fault liability has become an importanat legal system in the legal system in the area of Civil Law. The proposition of the fault liability broke through the traditional theory of civil law-”no contract, no responsibility”, and made up some gaps which were not regulated by legal law. It had a far-reaching
impact on the legislative and judicial systems for the Continental Law countries and the Common Law
countries.Althouth our new Contract Law has already made detailed stipulations on the Liability for Contracting Default, our legal syste is in the progressive development and improvement stage, which means that many of the specific legal system also in a gradual process of development. The fault liability regime is no exception, there are many needs refinement and iimprovement.This paper begins with the production and affection of fault liability. And researches shallowly the issues related to this theory. Decribes the theoretical basis of fault liability, such as the legal nature, the scope, the protected objects and the issue of
compensation,etc; Analyses the existing legislation on fault liability in China. Puts forward some advise on how to improve our system of fault liability. Hopes to gain the academic guidance of predecessors and criticism.This article is divided into four parts.The first part introduces the the production of the theory, and the impact on the Continental Law countries and the Common Law countries.The second part discusses some issues related to the theory, including its concept, components, legal status. For the concept of fault liability, the scholars