第2节 三类错误分解
类型一 词法错误
错误1——冠词错误
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I still remember how hard first day was.first前加the/my 2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)But in that case，we will learn little about world.world前加the
3．(2018·太原五中阶段性练习)Simply following the fashion trends or wearing expensive clothes will not help you get an unique style.an→a
4．(2018·吉林省实验中学一模)This is a third year that I have been in this school.a→the
5．(2018·齐齐哈尔市实验中学模拟)It is indeed a wonderful news and everyone here is eager for your coming.去掉a
6．(2018·遵义四中模拟)Having known my situation by the chance，you made a decision to sponsor me for my study.去掉the
冠词错误主要有四种情况：①不定冠词a与an错用：元音音素前用an，辅音音素前用a。②不定冠词与定冠词错用：泛指用不定冠词，特指用定冠词。③冠词的缺失：可数名词单数前缺少不定冠词或定冠词。④冠词的多余：不可数名词或表泛指的可数名词复数前有多余的定冠词。
特别提示：注意固定搭配中的冠词。
错误2——名词、数词错误
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks，and mistake as well.mistake→mistakes
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday，I took driving lessons.eighteen→eighteenth
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.knowledges→knowledge
4．(2016·浙江高考)When I was a very young children，my father created a regular practice I remember well years later.children→child
5．(2018·黄山市八校联考)Challenges of life are of great importance in our grow.grow→growth
6．(2018·吉林市普通中学调研测试)Just then，a man in his early twenty came up and paid for her.twenty→twenties
7．(2018·甘肃省诊断考试)On the show they enjoyed various fine work with great admiration.work→works
8．(2018·福州市质检)But with my teammates encouragement，I was able to communicate smoothly with them.teammates→teammates'
1．名词错误主要有三种情况：①名词数的错用：该用单数时错用复数或相反；误把不可数名词用作复数。②词性的错用：该用所有格时错用普通格。③该用名词时错用动词或形容词。
2．数词错误有两种情况：①该用序数词时错用基数词；②该用复数时错用单数或相反。
错误3——代词错误
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I had done myself homework，but I was shy.myself→my 2．(2018·长春外国语学校模拟)Then，they gave our chances to practice using it.our→us
3．(2018·济南一中学业检测)To my relief，there was something seriously wrong with me.something→nothing
4．(2018·石家庄市模拟)They are Liu Dong and Wang Hong，all of whom are top students in our grade.all→both
5．(2018·黄山市普通高中八校联考)It was the first time I had lived far away from my home，so I found difficult to fit in.found后加it
代词错误主要有四种情况：①人称代词的主格和宾格、人称代词与物主代词、人称代词与反身代词的错用。②人称代词和物主代词的缺失。③不定代词错用。④it的缺失或多余。
错误4——介词错误
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.on→of
2．(2016·浙江高考)While they chatted，my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge. in→on
3．(2018·河北省五个一联盟二模)A big storm destroyed two villages in South Africa on last Friday，causing 4 deaths.去掉on
4．(2018·葫芦岛市调研考试)Filial duty(孝道)means respecting and caring parents and the elderly.caring后加for
5．(2018·河南省八市测评)TCM doctors don't treat for everyone in the same way.去掉for
6．(2018·昆明市一中模拟) I need a cellphone to keep touch with my friends and family.keep后加in
介词错误主要有三种情况：①介词的错用：应注意介词的基本用法以及介词与动词、名词、形容词构成的搭配。②介词的多余：及物动词后不能再加介词。③介词的缺失：不及物动词后跟宾语时需加介词。
特别提示：需特别注意固定搭配中的介词。
错误5——形容词、副词错误
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people.larger→large
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Immediate，I raised my hand.Immediate→Immediately 3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)A few minutes late，the instructor asked me to stop the car.late→later
4．(2016·四川高考)The dishes I cooked were Mom's favoritest.favoritest→favorite
5．(2016·浙江高考) It was both excited and frightening to be up there! excited→exciting
6．(2018·银川一中模拟)I hope everyone is safe and health.health→healthy 7．(2018·昆明黄冈实验学校模拟)Nowadays，some teenagers spend too many time on computers.many→much
8．(2018·河南省毕业班适应性练习)I really felt proudly of myself and thought I had grown up.proudly→proud
形容词、副词错误主要有四种情况：①形容词之间或副词之间的错用：由于词形或词义的接近而引起的错误；v.-ing形容词与v.-ed形容词的错用。②比较级的错用：除了原级、比较级、最高级互相之间的错用，还要注意比较级的重复。③形容词与副词错用：作定语、表语时应用形容词，作状语时一般用副词伴随状语用形容词。④形容词与名词的错用：该用形容词时错用名词。
类型二 句法错误
错误1——时态、语态错误
1．(2018·石家庄市模拟)Last Monday，we hold a monitor election during our class meeting.hold→held
2．(2018·丹东市模拟)So she waved down the driver and explain what had happened.explain→explained
3．(2018·银川一中模拟)I can still remember the days that we spend together when you taught English in China.spend→spent
4．(2018·天水市一模)Since last winter，the smog has been occurred a lot of times.去掉been
5．(2018·马鞍山市质量监测)Last term，a newspaper reading course was start by our English teacher.start→started
时态、语态错误主要有三种情况：①混淆时态、语态的构成形式；②未能依据时间状语判定适当的时态；③未能依据前后的逻辑关系判定适当的语态。