浅析我国国际贸易中信用证支付方式的
现状
摘要
随着我国加入WTO和全球经济的发展，我国的对外贸易面临极大的机遇与挑战。信用证作为国际贸易中最重要的支付方式，在国际贸易中扮演着越来越重要的角色，因而商人们对具有银行信用的信用证的使用应当说是普遍欢迎的。但由于我国法制不健全，业务人员水平不高以及缺乏有效的监管等诸多原因，我国已成为信用证诈骗的重灾区，已成为信用证诈骗的主要受害国。
因此，对信用证的原理、特点、利弊以及其风险防范有研究的必要性和现实性。特别加入WTO后，我国国际贸易逐步扩大，我国的进出口贸易和外向型经济将会有更快的发展，信用证的使用也可望在未来几年继续增加。企业通过信用证业务可以有效地回避对外贸易业务中的商业风险，保障自身的货物与资金安全；银行则通过信用证业务为进出口企业提供信用保障、风险防范及国际结算方面的服务，从面推协国际贸易业务的发展。
本文简单介绍信用证的基本情况，通过分析信用证支付方式对进口商、出口商、银行这三大贸易关联主体所存在的利弊与风险，从而总结了国际贸易中对信用证支付方式所存在风险的应对策略及其未来在国际贸易中的发展趋向。
关键词：信用证；国际贸易；风险；应对策略
To Genarally Analyse the Status of Chinese Credit Payment within
International Business
Abstract
Chinese external trading industry now is facing dramatic challenge and opportunity as it has been a member of WTO and the global economic has been growing. Credit payment is playing a more important role in international trading as the crucial mode of payment. Therefore, those credit letters that are supported by banks are welcomed by business people. Chinese credit deceive is a very serious issue and the nation is a victim of the cheat due to the incomplete commercial law system and low skill level of bankers and unsuitable supervise.
Thus, the credit letter must be understood and secured, so that people could make good use of it and could not be cheated. Chinese international trading business today is going up sharply since it joint the WTO, and the export business and external industry would be growing much faster; then the use of credit letters is supposed to increase a lot. Firms could avoid the risk of external trade and secure their product and capital via using the credit business. Moreover, banks would provide international trading business with the serves such as avoiding risk, ensuring credit and balance account and so through the credit letters. This is strongly helpful for the development of external trading industry.
In the essay, the general information and background of credit letters would be provide; and then the relationship of importers, exporters and banks would valued via the theory of credit payment. And finally, summing up, within international trades, how people could deal with risk of using credit letters and what is the future of this event.
Key words：Letter of credit; International trade; Strategies
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目 录
1 绪论......................................................................6 2 信用证的概述..............................................................7 2.1 信用证的产生..........................................................7 2.2 信用证的概念..........................................................7 2.3 信用证的特点..........................................................7 3 信用证的业务流程..........................................................9 3.1 申请开证..............................................................9 3.2 开证行开立信用证......................................................9 3.3 通知行通知受益人......................................................9 3.4 交单议付..............................................................9 3.5 寄单索偿..............................................................9 3.6 申请人付款赎单........................................................9 4 我国国际贸易中信用证支付方式的利与弊.....................................10 4.1 信用证支付方式对国际贸易关联主体的有利作用...........................10 4.1.1 信用证支付方式对国际贸易关联主体的有利作用.......................10 4.1.2 信用证支付方式对出口商的有利作用.................................10 4.1.3 信用证支付方式对银行的有利作用...................................10 4.2 信用证支付方式对国际贸易关联主体的弊端...............................10 4.2.1 信用证支付方式对进口商的弊端.....................................11 4.2.2 信用证支付方式对出口商的弊端.....................................11 4.2.3 信用证支付方式对银行的弊端.......................................12 5 我国国际贸易中信用证支付方式存在的风险以及其应对策略.....................14 5.1 国际贸易中信用证支付方式所存在的风险.................................14
5.1.1 出口商面临的风险.................................................14 5.1.2 进口商面临的风险.................................................14 5.1.3 开证行面临的风险.................................................14 5.2 信用证风险的应对策略.................................................15 6 信用证支付方式在国际贸易中未来的发展趋向.................................17 6.1 发达的通讯业对信用证的影响..........................................17 6.2 国际商业调查机构全面周到的服务对信用证的影响........................17 6.3 电子商务的普及对信用证的冲击........................................17
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