GRAMMAR 定语从句（一）
定语从句是在复合句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose等）和关系副词(where, when, why等)。关系词在先行词和定语从句之间起着三个作用：①连接主句和从句；②指代先行词；③在从句中作句子成分。本单元我们先来学习关系代词引导的定语从句。
【语境展示】观察下面句子，并试着归纳关系代词引导的定语从句的用法。 1. The people who / that called yesterday want to buy the house. 2. The man (whom / who / that ) I have to phone lives in Canada. 3. She was not in the train which / that arrived just now. 4. This is the book (which / that) you wanted.
5. The girl whose work got the prize is the youngest in her class. 6. It’s the house whose door is painted red. 【自我归纳】
①关系代词who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语（句1、句2）。 ②关系代词whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语, 在口语和非正式文体中可用who或that替换（句2）。
③关系代词which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语（句3、句4）。
④关系代词that既可以指人也可以指________，在定语从句中作主语或宾语（句1—句4）。 ⑤关系代词whose既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作________（句5、句6）。 注意：关系代词在从句中作宾语时，在口语中可省略（句2、句4）。 【即学即练】
I. 将下面两个句子合成一个含有定语从句的复合句。
1. My brother works for a magazine. The magazine is very popular in America. ________________________________________ 2. The boy is very lucky. He has a lot of friends. ________________________________________ 3. Linda is a girl. Her friends depend on her.
________________________________________
4. I took piano lessons from a woman. She is my mother’s friend. ________________________________________
5. That’s the house. I grew up in it with my sister Emilia. ________________________________________ 6. Rome is a city. It attracts a lot of tourists.
________________________________________ II. 用适当的关系词填空。
1. Are you the lady ________ asked for soap?
2. Many people have friends ________ social backgrounds are different from theirs. 3. She had shown pictures of a plant ________ had recently been discovered. 4. There was an old man in the village ________ none of us liked. 5. The girl ________ photo I took at the party was pleased with it. 6. Yesterday I ran into an old friend ________ I hadn’t seen for years.
7. In 1519 a traveler ________ went to America from Europe discovered the tomato.
8. I’ve been thinking about the questions ________ you asked me last week. 9. This is the village ________ I ever visited last year.
10. I will always remember the days ________ I spent with my grandmother. 11. I will never forget the boy ________ ever helped me. 12. Mr. Smith lives in the room ________ door is green. III. 用适当的关系词补全下面短文。
Last summer, I made friends with some people 1. ________ are completely different from me. In July, I went to Mexico City to study Spanish for a month. In our group, there was a teacher 2. ________ was much older than I. We became really good friends.
In my first week, I had a problem 3. ________ was getting me down. Mexico City is a city 4. ________ has a lot of attractions. As a result, I went out all the time and I stopped going to my classes. Bob helped me get back into my studies. He was a boy 5. ________ I met on a trip and 6. ________ home I visited frequently. He always told me stories 7. ________ were interesting and encouraging. Although we had different personalities (性格), we became the best of friends. 参考答案
【自我归纳】 物；定语 【即学即练】 I.
1. My brother works for a magazine that / which is very popular in America. 2. The boy who / that has a lot of friends is lucky. 3. Linda is a girl whose friends depend on her.
4. I took piano lessons from a woman who / that is my mother’s friend. 5. That’s the house that / which I grew up in with my sister Emilia. 6. Rome is a city that / which attracts a lot of tourists.
II. 1. who / that 2. whose 3. which / that 4. whom / that / who 5. whose
6. who / whom / that 7. who / that 8. which / that 9. that / which 10. that / which 11. who / that 12. whose III.
1. who / that 2. who / that 3. which / that 4. which / that 5. whom / who / that 6. whose 7. which / that