湖北省南漳县2016高考英语阅读理解和单项选择选练（13）
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。 体裁：议论文 话题：健康生活 时间：7分钟
A new study suggests you are where you live—at least in terms of weight. A rural address could be a risk factor for being overweight，according to the research published in the fall issue of The Journal of Rural Health.
The study，led by researchers at the University of Kansas，analyzed data from the National Center for Health Statistics.They said it is the first in more than 30 years to use actual measurements of height and weight，rather than self-reported data，which can be unreliable.
About 70 million Americans，or 23% of the population，live in rural areas.The researchers found that 39.6% of them are obese(肥胖的)，while 33.4% of urban residents are obese.Including overweight people as well，the comparative totals are 70.8% and 67.1%，the study said.
The factors at work could be the “cultural diet” of rural America，as well as the isolation(隔离) that often exists，said the lead researcher，Christie Befort，assistant professor of preventive medicine and public health at the University of Kansas Medical Center.
That diet includes “rich homemade foods” with lots of meat and desserts，she said.Rural Americans typically consume more fats than their urban counterparts，the study found.
Another factor could be the increased mechanization(机械化) of farm work，Befort said.Older generations showed less difference in weight than younger ones—older farmers would have put in more physical labor，she said.
“Although some intervention(介入) research has begun to address obesity among rural adults and families，great attention needs to be focused on widespread effective programs in rural areas，which contain some of the largest medically underserved communities in the nation，” the researchers said.
【语篇导读】 肥胖症的研究有了新的发现——居住地也是造成肥胖症的重要因素。39.6%的美国乡下居民患有肥胖症，这与油腻的饮食、农场机械化、落后的医疗服务等有很大的关系。
1．What do we know about the study about weight in the passage?
A．The new study is the first study of rural obesity in the past 30 years.
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B．The new study is the first time to research into the cause of obesity. C．Results in the past years can be inaccurate as they haven't adopted actual measurements.
D．The result of the new study is not reliable at all.
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，这个研究分析了国家健康中心的数据，是近30年来第一次使用身高和体重的实际测量数据，而不是使用未必可靠的“自我报告的数据(self-reported data)”，从这些信息可推知，过去的研究数据不是很准确，不太可靠。因此选C。 答案 C
2．What do we know from the fourth paragraph?
A．The rural population in America has increased by 23%.
B．About 27.72 million rural Americans have the problem of obesity.
C．Obese people have moved to live in the countryside for its natural environment. D．23% of the 70 million Americans live in the countryside.
解析 推理判断题。第四段说美国人口的23%，即七千万美国人，住在农村，其中39.6%是肥胖者，因此B正确(39.6%×70 million＝27.72 million)。C项文章未提及，A、D项均是对第四段第一句话的曲解。 答案 B
3．What does the report suggest to deal with the problem?
A．Calling on the farmers to do more physical work.
B．Paying attention to widespread effective programs in rural areas. C．Getting farmers connected with each other. D．Persuading people to move to the urban area.
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，研究者认为应该更关注向农村——那里有医疗服务极其低下的地区——推广有效的项目，由此推断选B。 答案 B
4．What does the underlined word“address” in the last paragraph mean?
A．deal with C．refer to
B．write down D．cure
解析 猜测词义题。最后一段研究员介绍了如何应对肥胖问题，因此该词的含义应该是“对付，处理”，而不是“治疗”。 答案 A
【长难句解读】
原文 “Although some intervention(介入) research has begun to address obesity
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among rural adults and families，great attention needs to be focused on widespread effective programs in rural areas，which contain some of the largest medically underserved communities in the nation，” the researchers said.
译文 研究者称：“尽管已经开始了一些介入性的研究来解决乡村成年人与家庭的肥胖问题，但也需要关注向乡村地区大范围地推广有效的项目，在乡村有些地方医疗水平极其低下。”
分析 Although在句中引导让步状语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词rural areas。
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Howling is a behaviour commonly observed among a wolf pack. As pack animals, wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling as an important means of communication among each other. There are different explanations of a wolf’s howl and it appears that there may be more to discover.
One theory is that wolves howl to bond better together. It’s almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together. Perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together. But this theory may be wrong, explains Fred H. Harrington, a professor who studies wolf behaviour.
Indeed, there have been times when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a chorus, and the next, quarreling among each other. It appears that usually the lowest-ranking members of the pack may actually be“punished” for joining in the chorus at times. So is howling a way to strengthen a social bond or just a way to reconfirm status among its members? —Why do wolves howl for sure?
What is clear, however, is that howling is often used among packmates to locate each other. Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that wolves may separate from one another at times. When this happens, howling appears to be an excellent means of gathering.
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