第三讲 非谓语动词
考点1 非谓语动词作状语
1．The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，______ more patients to be treated.
(2017·天津，14)
A．being allowed C．having allowed 答案 B
解析 考查非谓语动词作结果状语。句意为：医院最近获得了新医疗设备，从而使更多的病人能够得到治疗。此处用现在分词短语作结果状语，故选B项。
2．Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ________ their valuable time.(2017·北京，27) A．save C．to save 答案 C
解析 考查不定式作目的状语。句意为：现在许多航空公司允许乘客在网上打印登机牌以节约他们的宝贵时间。不定式短语to save their valuable time在句中作目的状语。 3．________ over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.(2016·北京，28) A．Ordering C．Having ordered 答案 D
解析 考查非谓语动词作原因状语。句意为：那些书一周前已经预定了，现在有望随时到货。 order与其逻辑主语the books之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故选D。
4．Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way ________ the sun and the stars.(2015·重庆，11) A．used C．using 答案 C
解析 考查非谓语动词作方式状语。句意为：就像古时候的水手一样，鸟能利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。根据语境，use与其句中隐含的逻辑主语birds之间为主动关系，故用v.-ing形式的一般式，在句中作方式状语，相当于by using the sun and the stars的省略。
B．having used D．use
B．To order D．Ordered B．saving D．saved B．allowing D．allowed
5．________ for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.(2015·天津，8) A．To work C．To be working 答案 D
解析 考查非谓语动词作时间状语。句意为：工作了两天后，史蒂夫设法准时完成了报告。句子主语Steve与动词work之间为主谓关系，故要用现在分词形式；同时work的动作发生在谓语动词managed to finish之前，故要用完成时。 考点归纳
1．分词作状语表示时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随或方式、目的等；作状语时，是用现在分词还是用过去分词，取决于该动词与句子主语之间的关系。如果是逻辑上的主谓关系，一般用现在分词；如果是逻辑上的动宾关系，一般用过去分词。分词的完成时表示动作先于谓语动词发生。
Pressed from his parents，and realizing that he has wasted too much time，the boy is determined to stop playing video games.
由于来自父母的压力，以及认识到浪费了太多的时间，这个男孩决定不玩电子游戏了。(表示原因) Having finished his speech，he answered our questions. 做完演讲后，他回答了我们的问题。
Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks even more beautiful. 从山顶上看，这个公园显得更加美丽。(see与主语the park之间存在动宾关系) Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful. 从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。(see与主语we之间存在主谓关系) 2．某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，此时这些过去分词表示一种状态。这样的词有：lost (迷路的)，seated (坐)，lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)，dressed in (穿着)，tired of (感到厌倦)，faced with (面对)等。
Absorbed in his book，he didn’t notice me enter the room. 专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。
Dressed in a red coat，he is like a girl rather than a boy. 穿着一件红色衣服，他更像一个女孩。
3．不定式作状语主要表示原因、目的、结果等。表原因时常用在表情感和态度的形容词后。如be happy/sorry/surprised/ashamed等；表目的时其前可加上in order或so as (so as to do一般不放在句首)；表结果时其前通常与only连用，往往表示出乎意料的结果。不定式的插入结构作状语，为固定短语结构。如：to be honest/to tell you the truth(老实说)，to be frank(说实话，坦率地说)，to begin with(首先)，to start with(首先)，to be more
B．Worked D．Having worked
exact(更确切地说)，to sum up(总之，概括地说)等。
They were surprised to find that nobody was in the house. 发现屋子里空无一人，他们感到很惊讶。(表示原因)
The man has to do some part-time jobs in his spare time so as to support his family. 那人为了养家不得不在业余时间做些零活。(表示目的)
Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky. 汤姆乘出租车去机场，却发现他要乘坐的飞机高高地飞在空中。(表示结果) To be honest/To tell you the truth，I am a writer. 跟你说实话吧，我是个作家。 考点2 非谓语动词作定语
1．The national park has a large collection of wildlife，________ from butterflies to elephants.
(2017·北京，30)
A．ranging C．to range 答案 A
解析 句意为：国家公园有一大批野生生物，从蝴蝶到大象都有。range from...to...从……到……(的范围)。a large collection of wildlife与range之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式作定语。
2．Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time ________ with his students.
(2017·北京，32)
A．to spend C．spending 答案 D
解析 句意为：吉姆已经退休了，不过他仍然记得和学生们一起度过的快乐时光。the happy time与spend之间是被动关系，故此处用过去分词形式。
3．I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train ________.(2017·天津，10) A．catching C．to catch 答案 C
解析 句意为：整个会议期间，我一直在看时间，因为我要赶火车。结合句意可知，此处表示将要发生的动作，且catch与a train之间是动宾关系，故用动词不定式作定语，用主动形式表被动意义。
B．caught D．to be caught B．spend D．spent B．range D．ranged