毕业设计—微带天线设计

学号:********* 本科毕业论文(设计)

( 2013 届)

2.4GHz无线网桥天线设计

院 系 电子信息工程学院 专 业 电子信息工程 姓 名 ****** 指导教师 ****** 职 称 ******

2013年5月

*********2013届本科毕业论文(设计)

2.4GHz无线网桥天线设计

摘 要

当代人们生活越来越依赖通信网络,数据传输的方式分为有线传输和无线传输,对于有一定距离的局域网,比如一些相距几百米或者几十公里的建筑物内的局域网,往往需要通过光缆来传输巨大的数据量,然而光缆的成本比较高,施工也比较费钱费力。无线网桥的出现使无线传输可以代替有线传输,而且传输数据的速度也能得到保证。

本文主要通过分析无线网桥的传输的射频技术要求,设计出一款方向性较强,增益比较大的微带天线。并且在设计过程中采用了一些拓宽微带天线工作带宽和提高辐射增益的方法,通过优化设计采用了使用增加空气介质层和天线组阵的双层阵列的天线结构。该天线结构可以很好的满足无线网桥方向性比较强增益较大的工程技术要求。空气介质层的损耗较小,相对介电常数较低,可以很好的拓宽工作带宽和提高增益,可以降低工程中对优良介质板的要求,而且使用空气介质层更方便于调试。该天线具有很高的实用工程价值。

关键字:无线网桥 微带天线 工作带宽 辐射增益

I

*******2013届本科毕业论文(设计)

Abstract

Contemporary people's life more and more rely on communication networks, data transmission way is divided into cable transmission and wireless transmission, and local area network (LAN) for a certain distance, such as some several hundred meters or a few tens of kilometers away from the local area network (LAN) within the building, often need the cable to transfer huge amount of data, but cable is quite expensive and the cost of construction is also higher. The emergence of wireless bridge can replace wired transmission, wireless transmission and the speed of data transmission can be guaranteed.

This thesis is written mainly through the analysis of the transmission of radio frequency technology requirements of wireless bridge, designed a strong directivity, a bigger gain microstrip antenna. And in the design process adopts some working broadening bandwidth and enhance radiation gain method of microstrip antenna, increase air through optimization design adopted the use of dielectric layer and the antenna array of double arrays of antenna structure. The antenna structure can well meet the wireless bridge direction more gain larger engineering technical requirements. The loss of the air dielectric layer is small, the relative dielectric constant is low, can work well to broaden the bandwidth and enhance the gain and can reduce the engineering requirement for good medium plate, and the use of air medium layer is more convenient to debug. The antenna has high practical engineering value.

Key words: wireless bridge microstrip antenna radiation gain working bandwidth

II

*******2013届本科毕业论文(设计)

目 录

摘 要 ...................................................... I Abstract ................................................... II 目 录 .................................................... III 一 绪论 ................................................... 1

1.1 论文研究背景及意义 ........................................ 1 1.2 微带天线的特点 ............................................ 1 1.3 本文主要研究内容 .......................................... 2

二 微带天线的基本理论和分析方法 ............................ 3

2.1微带天线基本概念 ........................................... 3 2.2 微带天线的分类 ............................................ 3 2.3 微带天线的分析方法 ........................................ 6 2.4 微带天线的馈电方法 ........................................ 6 2.5 微带天线的基本电参数 ...................................... 7 2.5.1 频率带宽BW .......................................... 7 2.5.2 输入阻抗 .............................................. 7 2.5.3 驻波比 ................................................ 7 2.5.4 方向图 ................................................ 7

三 2.4G微带阵列天线设计 .................................... 8

3.1微带贴片天线阵元设计 ....................................... 8 3.1.1微带天线辐射原理 ...................................... 8 3.1.2介质基片的选取 ........................................ 8 3.1.3 辐射元宽度W的确定 ................................... 9 3.1.4 辐射元长度L的确定 .................................... 9 3.1.5 接地板尺寸的确定 ...................................... 9 3.2 馈电网络的设计 ............................................ 9 3.2.1 特定阻抗微带线尺寸的确定 .............................. 9 3.2.2 功分器的设计 ......................................... 11

四 基于Ansoft HFSS软件的天线建模仿真 ..................... 13

4.1 Ansoft HFSS简介 ........................................... 13

III

*******2013届本科毕业论文(设计)

4.2 模型创建步骤 ............................................. 13 4.2.1 设置运行环境 ......................................... 13 4.2.2选择介质基板材料 .................................... 13 4.2.3设定模型尺寸 ........................................ 14 4.3基于Ansoft HFSS的计算仿真 ................................ 15

五 天线仿真结果分析 ....................................... 18

5.1天线增益参数的分析 ........................................ 18 5.2天线反射参数的分析 ........................................ 19

六 天线实物加工检测 ....................................... 21

6.1天线实物加工 .............................................. 21 6.2天线方向图实测 ............................................ 21

结束语 ..................................................... 23 参考文献 ................................................... 24 致 谢 ..................................................... 25

IV

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