µç¶¯»úתËÙ²âÁ¿ÏµÍ³Éè¼Æ

µç¶¯»úתËÙ²âÁ¿ÏµÍ³Éè¼Æ

[ÕªÒª] ²ÉÓûùÓÚVC++µÄÉÏλ»úÈí¼þ×÷ΪתËÙ²âÁ¿Æ½Ì¨£¬ÏÂλ»ú²ÉÓÃATmega8µ¥Æ¬»ú×÷Ϊ¿ØÖƺËÐÄ£¬ÓÃÖ±Á÷µç¶¯»ú×÷ΪÊܿضÔÏó¡£×ªËÙÓÉÔöÁ¿Ê½±àÂëÆ÷²âµÃ£¬ÓÃPWMµÄ·½·¨¿ØÖƵ綯»ú£¬µç¶¯»úתËÙÊý¾Ýͨ¹ýRS232½Ó¿Úʵʱ´«Ë͵½ÉÏλ»ú¡£ÉÏλ»úÈí¼þ¿É½«×ªËÙÊý¾Ý»æ³ÉÇúÏßͼ£¬Í¨¹ýÇúÏßͼ¿É²âÁ¿µç¶¯»úÔÚ²»Í¬Ê±¿ÌµÄתËÙ¡£

[¹Ø¼ü´Ê] µç¶¯»úתËÙ²âÁ¿VC++

µç¶¯»úתËÙ²âÁ¿ÏµÍ³Éè¼Æ£¬²ÉÓÃATmega8µ¥Æ¬»ú×÷Ϊ¿ØÖƺËÐÄ£¬ÓÃ×Ô´øÔöÁ¿Ê½±àÂëÆ÷²âËÙµÄÖ±Á÷µç¶¯»ú×÷ΪÊܿضÔÏó£¬×ªËÙÐźŷ´À¡µ½µ¥Æ¬»ú£¬²¢³ä·ÖÀûÓõ¥Æ¬»úÄÚ²¿µÄPWMµ÷ÖÆÆ÷¿ØÖÆÖ±Á÷µç¶¯»úµÄתËÙ£¬Í¬Ê±½«µç¶¯»úתËÙʵʱ´«Ë͵½ÉÏλ»ú£¬»ùÓÚVC++µÄµç¶¯»úתËÙ²âÁ¿ÏµÍ³·ÖÎöƽ̨ÒÔÇúÏßͼÐÎʽ½«µç¶¯»úתËٱ仯Çé¿öÖ±¹ÛµØ³ÊÏÖÔÚÉÏλ»úÈí¼þƽ̨ÉÏ¡£Í¨¹ýÈí¼þƽ̨ÉϵĿ̶ȳߣ¬¿ÉÖ±½Ó¶ÁÈ¡µç¶¯»úµÄʵʱתËÙ²¢¿É´¢´æ²âÁ¿µÄתËÙÊý¾Ý¡£

1.תËÙ²âÁ¿ÏµÍ³·½°¸

µç¶¯»úתËÙ²âÁ¿ÏµÍ³µÄ·½°¸×é³É¿òͼÈçͼ1Ëùʾ¡£

ATmega8µ¥Æ¬»úΪ¿ØÖƺËÐÄ£¬Í¨¹ýÆäƬÄÚPWMµ÷ÖÆÆ÷²úÉú¿ØÖƵ綯»úµÄPWMÐźţ¬¾­¹ý¹¦ÂÊ·Å´óµç··Å´óºóÇý¶¯Ö±Á÷µç¶¯»ú£¬ÔöÁ¿Ê½±àÂëÆ÷ÓÃÓڲɼ¯Ö±Á÷µç¶¯»úµÄתËÙÐźţ¬×ª»»ÎªTTLµçƽºó·´À¡µ½µ¥Æ¬»ú£¬µ¥Æ¬»ú¶Ô·´À¡µÄÊý¾Ý½øÐд¦Àíºó£¬Í¨¹ýRS232½Ó¿Ú½«²É¼¯µ½µÄµç¶¯»úתËÙÊý¾Ýʵʱ·¢Ë͵½ÉÏλ»ú£¬»ùÓÚVC++±à³Ì¿ª·¢µÄ¡°µç¶¯»úתËÙ²âÁ¿·ÖÎöƽ̨¡±²»¶Ï½ÓÊÕÀ´×Ôµ¥Æ¬»ú·¢À´µÄתËÙÊý¾Ý£¬²¢½«Ö®»æ³ÉÇúÏßͼ£¬Ê¹µç¶¯»úµÄתËٱ仯һĿÁËÈ»¡£

ϵͳÖеÄÖ±Á÷µç¶¯»úÑ¡ÓõÄÊÇSankyoÉú²úµÄÖ±Á÷µç¶¯»ú£¬¸Ãµç¶¯»ú¶î¶¨µçѹΪ12 V¡¢¶î¶¨µçÁ÷Ϊ0.05 A,¡¢¶î¶¨×ªËÙΪ1 500 rpm£¬¸Ãµç¶¯»ú»¹×Ô´øÔöÁ¿Ê½±àÂëÆ÷£¬Êä³öƵÂÊΪ60 ppr£¬ÆäƵÂÊÓëµç¶¯»úµÄתËٳɱÈÀý¹ØÏµ£¬±àÂëÆ÷Êä³öΪTTLµçƽ·½²¨Ðźţ¬¿ÉÖ±½Ó×÷Ϊµ¥Æ¬»ú¼ÆÊýÆ÷µÄ´¥·¢Ðźţ¬²âÁ¿±àÂëÆ÷Êä³öÐÅºÅµÄÆµÂʼ´¿É»ñµÃµç¶¯»úµÄתËÙÊý¾Ý¡£

µç¶¯»úµÄתËÙÊý¾Ýͨ¹ýRS232½Ó¿Ú´«Êäµ½ÉÏλ»ú£¬µç¶¯»úתËÙ²âÁ¿·ÖÎöƽ̨½ÓÊÕµ½µ¥Æ¬»ú´«Ë͵ĵ綯»úתËÙÊý¾Ýºó£¬½«Ö®»æ³ÉÇúÏߣ¬´Ó½çÃæÉϵÄ×ø±ê¿Ì¶È¿É²âÁ¿³öijһʱ¿ÌµÄµç¶¯»úתËÙÖµ¡£

ͼ1 µç¶¯»úתËÙ²âÁ¿ÏµÍ³·½°¸×é³É¿òͼ

2.תËÙ²âÁ¿ÏµÍ³Ó²¼þÉè¼Æ

µç¶¯»úתËÙ²âÁ¿ÏµÍ³µÄÓ²¼þµç·°üÀ¨£ºµ¥Æ¬»ú¿ØÖƵç·¡¢Ö±Á÷µç¶¯»úÇý¶¯µç

·¡£

µ¥Æ¬»ú×îСϵͳµç·ѡÓÃAVRµ¥Æ¬»úÖеÄATmega8×÷Ϊϵͳ¿ØÖƺËÐÄ£¬ATmega8Ϊ¸ßÐÔÄÜ¡¢µÍ¹¦ºÄµÄ8λAVR΢´¦ÀíÆ÷£¬ÆäÄÚ²¿¼¯³ÉÁËÁ½¸ö¾ßÓжÀÁ¢Ô¤·ÖƵÆ÷8λ¶¨Ê±Æ÷/¼ÆÊýÆ÷ºÍÒ»¸ö¾ßÓÐÔ¤·ÖƵÆ÷¡¢±È½Ï¹¦ÄܺͲ¶×½¹¦ÄܵÄ16λ¶¨Ê±Æ÷/¼ÆÊýÆ÷[2]¡£ÀûÓÃATmega8µÄ1¸ö8λ¶¨Ê±Æ÷/¼ÆÊýÆ÷¶ÔתËÙTTL·½²¨ÐźŽøÐмÆÊý´Ó¶ø¼ÆËã³öµç¶¯»úµÄʵʱתËÙ£¬ÓÃ16λ¶¨Ê±Æ÷/¼ÆÊýÆ÷µÄÏàλƵÂʿɵ÷PWMģʽʵÏֵ綯»úµÄµ÷ËÙ¡£

Ö±Á÷µç¶¯»úµÄÇý¶¯µç·²ÉÓù¦Âʼ¯³Éµç·L293D¡£L293DÊǹ¦ÂÊÇý¶¯Æ÷£¬ÆäÊä³öµçÁ÷¿É´ï600 mA¡¢×î´ó·åÖµµçÁ÷Ϊ1.2 A¡¢×î¸ß¹¤×÷µçѹΪ36 V£¬¿ÉÒÔÇý¶¯¸ÐÐÔ¸ºÔØ£¬ÈçСÐÍÖ±Á÷µç¶¯»ú¡¢¼ÌµçÆ÷¡¢²½½øµç¶¯»ú¡¢¿ª¹ØµçÔ´µÄ´ó¹¦Âʾ§Ìå¹ÜµÈ¡£

µ¥Æ¬»ú¿ØÖƵç·ºÍÖ±Á÷µç¶¯»úÇý¶¯µç··Ö±ðÈçͼ2¡¢Í¼3Ëùʾ¡£

ͼ2 µ¥Æ¬»ú¿ØÖƵç·

ͼ3Ö±Á÷µç¶¯»úÇý¶¯µç·

3.תËÙ²âÁ¿ÏµÍ³Èí¼þÉè¼Æ

µç¶¯»úתËÙ²âÁ¿ÏµÍ³µÄÈí¼þÉè¼ÆÄÚÈݰüÀ¨ÏÂλ»ú²â¿Ø³ÌÐòÉè¼ÆºÍÉÏλ»úÈí¼þ½çÃæµÄ³ÌÐòÉè¼Æ¡£

3.1 ÏÂλ»ú²â¿Ø³ÌÐòÉè¼Æ

Ö±Á÷µç¶¯»úµÄתËÙ·¶Î§Éè¼ÆÎª1 000¡À30% rpm£¬¼´700~1 300 rpm¡£µç¶¯»ú²úÉúµÄתËÙÐÅºÅÆµÂÊΪ700~1 300 Hz£¬¶ÔÓ¦µÄתËÙÐźÅÖÜÆÚΪ1428~769 ¦Ìs¡£ÓÉÓÚ¸ÃÐÅºÅµÄÆµÂʱȽϵͣ¬×ªËÙ²âÁ¿Ê±¼äỌֺ́ܶ¬ÎªÁË´ïµ½Ò»¶¨µÄ²âÁ¿·Ö±æÂʺ;«¶È£¬±ØÐë²ÉÓÃÐźÅÖÜÆÚ²âÁ¿·¨¡£

ÔÚתËÙÐźŵÄÒ»¸öÖÜÆÚÄÚ£¬¶Ôµ¥Æ¬»úÄÚ²¿8 MHzÂö³å½øÐмÆÊý£¬¼ÆÊý½á¹ûΪ N £¬ÓÃʽ£¨1£©¼´¿É¼ÆËã³öµç¶¯»úµÄתËÙ n ¡£×ªËÙ²âÁ¿¿É·Ö±æµ½1 rpm¡£

£¨1£©

ÔÚתËÙ²âÁ¿³ÌÐòÖл¹¶Ô²ÉÑùÊý¾Ý½øÐÐÁËÊý×ÖÂ˲¨£¬Ä¿µÄÊÇËõС²É¼¯Êý¾ÝµÄÎó²î¡£µ±²É¼¯10´Î¼ÆÊýÖµ N ºó£¬ÏÈÓÃðÅÝ·¨½øÐÐÅÅÐò£¬ÔÙÈ¥µô×î´óÖµºÍ×îСֵ£¬×îºóÈ¡ÓàÏÂÊý¾ÝµÄƽ¾ùÖµ×÷Ϊ N µÄ²âÁ¿Öµ¡£

²â¿Ø³ÌÐò³Ðµ£¿ØÖƵ÷½ÚPWMÕ¼¿Õ±ÈÒÔÖ±Á÷µç¶¯»úµÄתËÙ¡¢¼ì²âµç¶¯»úתËÙ¡¢¼ÆËãתËÙÎó²î¡¢´«ÊäתËÙÊý¾Ýµ½ÉÏλ»úµÈÈÎÎñ¡£

3.2 ÉÏλ»ú³ÌÐòµÄÉè¼Æ

ÉÏλ»ú²ÉÓÃVC++6.0±àд£¬µç¶¯»ú±Õ»·¿ØÖÆÌØÐÔ·ÖÎöƽ̨½çÃæÈçͼ4Ëùʾ¡£

ͼ4 µç¶¯»ú±Õ»·¿ØÖÆÌØÐÔ·ÖÎöƽ̨

·ÖÎöƽ̨Ö÷Òª·ÖΪÁ½²¿·Ö£º²Ëµ¥À¸¡¢»æÍ¼Çø¡£²Ëµ¥À¸°üÀ¨¿ªÊ¼²âËÙ¡¢Í£Ö¹²âÁ¿¡¢ÖØÐ²âÁ¿¡¢±£´æÍ¼ÐΡ¢Êý¾Ý²éѯ¡¢Êý¾Ý²éѯÓëËÙ¶ÈÉèÖõÈÎå¸ö²Ëµ¥Ï»æÍ¼ÇøÓÃÓÚ½«×ªËÙÊý¾Ý»æ³ÉÇúÏßͼ£¬ºá×ø±êΪʱ¼ä£¬Ã¿Ð¡¿Ì¶ÈΪ0.1 s£¬×Ý×ø±êΪתËÙ£¬Ã¿Ð¡¿Ì¶ÈΪ20 rpm£¬ÔÚ½øÐвâËÙ²¢»æÖÆÇúÏßʱ£¬ÔÚ»æÍ¼Çø×óÉÏ·½ÓÐʵ¼ÊËÙ¶È¡¢ÉèÖÃËÙ¶È¡¢ËÙ¶ÈÎó²îµÈÊý×ÖÁ¿Ö±½ÓÏÔʾ¡£

4.תËÙ²âÁ¿ÏµÍ³µÄµ÷ÊÔÓëÔËÐÐ

¾­¹ý¶ÔϵͳµÄÓ²¼þµç·¡¢³ÌÐò´úÂë¡¢PWMƵÂÊ¡¢ÉÏλ»úÈí¼þµÄµ÷ÊԺͷ´¸´ÊÔÑ飬µç¶¯»úתËÙ²âÁ¿ÏµÍ³ÏÂλ»úÄܹ»Õý³£¡¢Îȶ¨µØ¹¤×÷£¬ÉÏλ»úÄÜʵÏÖתËÙµÄÇúÏß»æÖÆ¡¢±£´æºÍ²éѯ¡£

µ±ÏµÍ³Õý³£ÔËÐÐʱ£¬²âµÃµÄµç¶¯»úתËÙ²âÁ¿·ÖÎöƽ̨»æ³öµÄÇúÏßÈçͼ4Ëùʾ¡£

´ÓͼÖпÉÒÔ¿´³ö£¬2·Ö11Ãëʱ¿Ì£¬·¢ËÍ¡°µç¶¯»úתËÙ½µµÍ10%¡±ÃüÁµç¶¯»úתËÙ¾­Õñµ´ºóÖð½¥Ç÷ÓÚÎȶ¨£¬Í¨¹ý¸ÃÇúÏßͼ£¬¿ÉÖ±½Ó¶Á³öʵʱתËÙÎó²î¡£±£´æÍ¼Ðκ󣬿ɹ©ÈÕºó²éѯ²¢·ÖÎöµç¶¯»úµÄÔËתÇé¿ö¡£

ÔÚµ÷ÊÔ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬½áºÏµç¶¯»úµÄµçÆøÊ±¼ä³£Êý£¬²â¶¨Á˵綯»úºÏÊʵÄPWM¿ØÖÆÆµÂÊ£¨1.5 KHzΪ¼Ñ£©¡£ÔÚËùÉè¼ÆµÄÖ±Á÷µç¶¯»úÕý³£¹¤×÷תËÙ·¶Î§ÄÚ£¬²âÊÔÁ˵綯»úµÄתËÙÎÈ̬Îó²î£¬µç¶¯»úµÄתËÙÎÈ̬¾«¶È¡Ü2.0%¡£

5.½áÂÛ

µç¶¯»úתËÙ²âÁ¿ÏµÍ³Éè¼Æ¾­²âÊÔ£¬µç¶¯»úÄÜʵÏֽϾ«È·µÄ¿ØÖÆ£¬µ¥Æ¬»úÄÜ׼ȷ²É¼¯µ½µç¶¯»úµÄתËÙÐźš£Í¬Ê±£¬ÉÏλ»úÈí¼þÄÜÓëÏÂλ»úʵÏÖÊý¾ÝͨÐÅ£¬²¢ÔÚÆä»æÍ¼Çø»æÖƳöµç¶¯»úתËÙµÄÇúÏßͼ£¬Í¨¹ý½çÃæÉϵĿ̶ÈÖ±½Ó¶Á³öµç¶¯»úµÄתËÙ²¢Ö±¹ÛÏÔʾ³öʵ¼ÊËÙ¶È¡¢ÉèÖÃËÙ¶È¡¢ËÙ¶ÈÎó²îµÈÊý¾Ý¡£

²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×£º

[1]¶­¾°Ð£¬ÕÔ³¤µÂ£¬ÐÜÉòÊñµÈ. ¿ØÖƹ¤³Ì»ù´¡[M].±±¾©:Ç廪´óѧ³ö°æÉ磬2003.

[2]ATMEL 8-bit with 8K Bytes In-System Programmable Flash ATmega8 ATmega8L[M].ATMEL Corporation 2003.

ÁªÏµ¿Í·þ£º779662525#qq.com(#Ìæ»»Îª@) ËÕICP±¸20003344ºÅ-4