2009年全国大学生电子设计竞赛
声音导引系统（B题）
【本科组】
景德镇陶瓷学院
2009年9月6日
参赛队员：
摘要：
本系统由移动声源与声音接收两个子系统组成，分别采用AVR系列高速单片机Atmega16与Atmega8作其控制核心，两子系统通过无线进行通信。声音接收系统主要包括A、B、C三个声音接收点与LCD显示模块，采用测量声音传输到A、B、C三点不同时间的方法获取小车到检测点的距离而获得声源的实时坐标信息，把这实时坐标发给声源控制系统，由声源控制系统计算并指导小车运行。声源接收系统的LCD用于显示移动声源运动轨迹与坐标信息。可移动声源采用步进电机驱动，有利于实现距离跟角度的精确控制。声音收发器件采用压电陶瓷片，其谐振频率较高且属于音频范围，能有效改善环境躁声干扰。算法上利用定位点必在其中两接收点的中垂线上，两接收点同时收到声音的特点判断小车是否完成定位。另外系统在能实现功能的前提下尽量使用简单的方法和低功耗器件，使系统在低性价比与节能方面都有较好的表现。经测试整个系统功能齐全，各项指标均能达到设计要求。
关键词： AVR单片机 无线通信 坐标显示
Abstract:
This system consists of moving sound source and sound receiver composed of two subsystems, respectively AVR series of high-speed MCU Atmega16 and Atmega8 for its control center, the two subsystems communicate through wireless. Sound reception system includes A, B, C three voice reception point and the LCD display module, using measurement of the sound transmitted to the A, B, C three different times of the method to get distance from the car to the detection point gain real-time sound source coordinate information, this real-time sound source coordinate distributed control system, from the sound source control system to calculate and guide the trolley. Sound source receiving system LCD is used to display moving sound source trajectory and the coordinate
information. Mobile sound source using stepper motor driver, and to realizing the distance with the angle of precise control. Voice transceiver device piezoelectric ceramic film, the higher its resonant frequency and belong to the audio range, can effectively improve the environment, hot-tempered acoustic disturbances. The use of algorithms in which the anchor will receive two points in the vertical, the two receiving points, while the
characteristics of the sound received to determine whether the pilot is completed car. In addition the system can be achieved under the premise of functionality to make use of a simple method and low-power devices, the system at low cost and energy saving have better performance. The testing of the whole system function is complete, the indicators can reach the design requirements.
Key words: AVR SCM Wireless Coordinate display
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目 录
摘要---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 1系统方案选择与论证 ....................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。
1.1单片机选型的论证与选择 ....................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 1.2 声音收发器件的论证与选择 ................................................................................ 2 1.4 电机及其驱动的论证与选择 ................................................................................ 2 1.5无线收发模块论证与选择-------------------------------------------------------------------------2
2主要模块分析与计算 ..................................................................................................... 2
2.1 声音接收模块的分析 ........................................................................................... 3
2.2 声音发射模块的分析 ........................................................................................... 3 2.3步进电机驱动的分析 ............................................................................................ 3 2.4电源模块的分析 ................................................................................................. 4 3软件设计与误差分析 ..................................................................................................... 4
3.1程序功能描述与设计思路 ..................................................................................... 4
3.2误差分析 ...................................................................................................... 4 3.3 主程序流程图 .............................................................................................. 5
4测试方案与测试结果 ..................................................................................................... 5
4.1测试方案 ............................................................................................................. 6 4.2 测试条件与仪器 .................................................................................................. 6 4.3 测试结果及分析 .................................................................................................. 6
4.3.1测试结果(数据) .......................................................................................... 6 4.3.2测试分析与结论 ......................................................................................... 6
附录1：电路原理图 ......................................................................................................... 7 附录2：源程序 ................................................................................................................ 8
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