荷香书苑王老师 高一英语必修3
UNIT 1 Festivals around the world
Grammar:
1. Festivals are meant to celebrate important times of year. 1) mean v意欲，打算，意味着 mean-meaning-meaningful-meaningless 考点释义：
mean doing sth. 意味着（必须要做某事或导致种结果） mean to do sth. 打算或企图做某事 mean + that 表示??
be meant for=be meant to do sth 被普遍认为是....打算作??用; 为?而有 What do you mean by.....你说的.....,.是什么意思..... mean adj.卑鄙的，吝啬的
2) celebrate v.庆祝，颂扬，赞扬 celebration n.庆祝 celebrity n.名人，名声 辨析celebrate/congratulate
celebrate+sth.(仪式、典礼、生日)，指庆祝令人欢乐的事情或日子 congratulate+sb.祝贺某人做某事，congratulate sb. on sth./doing sth
(2015武汉二模)The three sisters decided to hold a family party to _______ their parents’ silver wedding.
A.celebrate B.memorize C.congratulate D.welcome
The other day, we got together to_________ _________ ________ the College Entrance Examination.(祝贺她通过)
2. Discuss when they take place, what they celebrate and what people do at that time. take place发生；举行(不能用于进行时态，不能用于被动语态) 辨析take place, happen, occur, break out, come about take place:发生，举行；经过事先安排的事情
happen:偶然发生，带有未能预见的意思。 Sth. happen(s) to sb. occur:发生，想起 it occurs to sb. that....... break out:战争、火灾、疾病等突然爆发
come about:发生，产生,常用于疑问句和否定句，多与how连用 与place相关短语：
in the first place （用于列举理由）首先，第一点 in the last place 最后
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in one’s place 处于某人的位置，为某人设身处地想一想 in place 放在原来的位置，就位
in place of =instead of 代替，用??而不用?? take one’s place 找替某人接替某人的位置
3. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months.
1) starve vt./vi 饿死，饿得要死 starvation n. 挨饿，饿死 starve to death/be starved to death 饿死 starve to do sth 渴望去做某事
starve for 渴望获得，迫切需要，缺乏 be starving饿极了
2) be+性质形容词+动词不定式
主动意义表被动意义，常见形容词有easy, hard, difficult, impossible, pleasant, interesting, dangerous, comfortable等。
(2012辽宁高考)This machine is very easy___________. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
A.operating B.to be operating C.operated D.to operate
(2010四川高考) In many people’s opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant____________.
A.to deal with B.dealing with C.to be dealt with D.dealt with
4. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. in memory of=to the memory of纪念，追念，怀念 memory-memorize v. 记住 have a good/bad memory for sth.善于记??/不善于记?? bring back good memories引起对美好往事的回忆 within sb.’s memory就某人记忆所及 in+n.+of类型的短语
in favor of=in support of支持，赞同；对某人有利 in face of面临，面对 in honor of为纪念??；祝贺??；为了向??表示敬意 in celebration of 庆祝 in praise of 赞美，歌颂 In search of 寻找 in charge of 负责，掌握 in possession of 拥有，持有 in need of 需要 in place of=instead of 代替 in terms of就....而言
荷香书苑王老师 高一英语必修3
They named the school ___________ ___________ _________(为了纪念)him for his great contribution.
Can you tell me who is________ ________ ________(负责)the whole company?
5. On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them. 1) With+宾语+名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/动词不定式 现在分词：主动且正在进行的动作 过去分词：被动且完成的动作 动词不定式：将要发生的动作
With time going by, we gained much experience. =As time went by, we gained much experience.
2) in the shape of ....以某种形式，呈现某种形式 in shape 处于良好状态 out of shape 变形，走样
With prices________(go) up so fast, we can afford luxuries.
I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes __________(fix) on the ceiling.
6. The western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people.
1) belief n.信心，信念 ---believe v.相信，信赖 one’s belief is that....= it is one’s belief that....某人相信 have(no) belief in (不)相信=.believe in sb. beyond belief 令人难以置信 have/hold belief (that....) 相信......
shake one’s belief in....动摇某人对....的信心 2) origin-original adj.
7. It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbors’ homes to ask for sweets.
dress up盛装，打扮，装饰 dress up as....打扮成 dress sb./oneself 给....穿衣 be dressed in 穿着 get dressed=dress oneself 穿衣服
(2015山东省实验中学期中)On Halloween, children in America like to_________ as ghosts to frighten people.
A.take up B.make up C.dress up D.turn up
8. If the neighbors do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.
2 trick n. play a trick/tricks on sb. 捉弄某人
vt. trick sb. into doing sth 诱使/骗得某人做某事 trick sb. out of sth. 骗取某人某物 拓展
cheat sb. into doing sth.欺骗某人做某事 cheat sb. out of sth. 骗取某人某物 fool sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事 make fun of 取笑 laugh at 嘲笑 play a joke/jokes on sb.开某人的玩笑
9. In the USA, Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World.
arrival n.到来，到达者 arrive v. 到达
the arrival of....... ......的到达 on one’s arrival in/at=on arriving in/at 一到达.....
10. India has a national festival on October to honor Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain. 1) gain v. 获得，得到，受益 n.收益，获利，财富 gain independence from....脱离....而独立 gain a reputation 获得声望
gain weight/speed/time 增加体重/加快速度/赢得时间 gain one’s respect/trust 获得某人的尊重/信任 gain two minutes (钟表)快两分钟 gain by/from...从??中获益
gain in 在??方面有所增加或增长
2) independence n.独立，自主---depend v.依赖 depend on=reply on 依靠，依赖 be dependent on 依靠，依赖
be independent of 独立于；不受....约束 It/that (all) depends. 那得视情况而定 辨析gain,obtain,get,acquire, win
(1)gain强调经过艰苦的努力而获得成果。
荷香书苑王老师 高一英语必修3
(2)obtain指没有付出很大努力而获得。
(3)get既可指主动争取，也可指被动接受，有时不一 定需要很大努力就能获得。
(4)acquire主要指获得知识、能力等。
(5)win主要指在竞争、比赛或辩论中击败对手而赢得胜利。
(2015陕西高考)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be_____________(depend).
(2012福建高考) What are you going to do this weekend? _________. If time permits, I may go to Shanghai with my friends.
A.Don’t mention it. B. It doesn’t matter C.forget it D.it depends (2011辽宁高考)You are old enough to__________ your own living. A.win B.gain C.take D.earn
11. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over.
gather v. 聚集，采集，收货，收割
gather....around 聚集，集合 gather together 聚集起来，合拢 gather in...收割，收货 gather up 收拾起来 辨析gather/collect
Gather: 收集，指人、分散的东西或抽象的东西聚集起来 Collect: 收集，侧重其计划性和选择性
12. Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster.
award n & vt. win/get an award for .....因为....而获奖 award sb. sth.= award sth. to sb. 辨析award/reward
Award: 奖品，奖金，奖赏，奖励
Reward: 报答，酬劳 reward sb. for sth. 因 ?奖赏某人； reward sb. with sth. 用某物酬劳某人
13. China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and in China, enjoy moon cakes.
admire v. 赞赏;钦佩;羡慕;赞美;夸奖 admiration n.钦佩；赞赏 admire sb. for sth. 在某方面钦佩.....
admire oneself自我欣赏 admire one’s sth.钦佩某人的某方面
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express admiration for sb.对某人表示钦佩 have great admiration for sb.十分钦佩某人 with/in admiration心怀钦佩地??
14. The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forwards to the end of the winter and to the coming of spring. energetic adj. 充满活力的，精力充沛的，积极的 look forwards to doing.....期望，期待，盼望 链接
look after 照料 look ahead 向前看，为将来打算 look back on回顾 look down on/upon 瞧不起，看不起 look into 调查 look on....as.... 把...看作 look through 浏览 look around 环视 look out for 注意，当心，留意 look up 查收 look up to 仰慕，尊敬 含有介词to的动词短语
stick to 坚持 lead to 导致，通向
object to 反对 refer to 参考，涉及，提到 belong to 属于 pay attention to....注意 be used to.... =be accustomed to.....习惯于
get down to开始认真做 devote...to 致力于/奉献于...
15. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, look as though it is covered with pink snow.
as though=as if 似乎，好像 as though 从句要用虚拟语气
as though+一般过去式 (与现在事实相反) as though+过去完成时 (与过去事实相反)
(2011湖南高考) Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him _________ he had done something very clear.
A.as if B.in case C.while D.though
16. People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. have fun with sth.=enjoy oneself with sb.=have a good time with sb. 跟某人一起尽情玩耍
have fun doing sth.....做某事很开心，很愉快