invent attend separate separatelyrecognize exercise technical yesterday February medical chemical chemistry memorycentury gentleman connected directly direction correctly however forever togetherNovember expensive attention invention attentively development America
2．e在ll前读/e/。
例：bell/bel/，tell/tel/。再如：
smell sell shell well fellow yellow rebellion spell spelling umbrella 3．e在nn前读/e/。
例：penny/'peni/，Jenny/'d?eni/，tennis/'tenis/ 4．e在rr前读/e/。
例：merry/'meri/，errand/'er?nd/，terrible/'teribl/，terrify/'terifai/ 5．e在ss前读/e/。
例：less/les/，dress/dres/。再如：
essay depression message possession press pressure procession progress lessonsuccess express oppress impress address unless professor successful expression
6．e在tt前读/e/。 例：Betty better letter settle 7．ea有时读/e/。
例：head/hed/，instead/in'sted/。再如：
sweat deaf death breath dead thread bread spread health wealth ready healthyweather measure pleasure haven peasant breakfast ahead instead already
读/i/音的字母（组合）规则
1．i在闭音节中读/i/。
例：gift/gift/，visit/'vizit/。再如：
ship trip whip lip hit pick kick sick thick trick quick stick if kiss miss ?iss thisits rich which fish dish wish Smith strict fix six mix gift lift list fifth sixth lid ridsing king thing ring wing bring spring string pig big dig is his bridge with him Jimswim ill skill silk milk film skin print since pitty city silly fifty bitter mirror sisterwhisper figure picture mixture little middle whistle listen chicken prison distant dif-ferent difference ticket minute Christmas British village Silver illness simple simplywindy instant finger thinker singer single kingdom equip permit unfit resist exist for-bid until begin fisherman liberate prisoner villager interesting cinema industry assis-tant consider continue composition
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2．i在v和rr前读作/i/。
例：give/giv/，forgive/f?'giv/，live/liv/，living/'livi?/，river/'riv?/，mirror/'mir?/ 3．y读作/i/。
例：physical/'fizikl/，history/'hist?ri/。再如： Olympic sympathy physics physicist pyramid Egyptian 4．注意：在非重读音节中，e读/i/。
例：carpet/ka：pit/，cinema/'sinim?/，college/k?lid?/，necessary/'nes?s?ri/，planet/'p?nit/，ticket/'tikit/，kindness/'kaindnis/
读/?/音的字母（组合）规则
1．o在闭音节中读/?/。
例：job/j?b/，strong/str??/。再如：
top shop stop crop drop pot hot shop spot rot off boss cross cloth lock knockrock clock fox box soft cost rob god frog dog Tom fond song long wrong copy coffeesoftly body sorry offer proper doctor dollar honour concert ?obert follow sorrow bor-row bottle model moral bottom problem often modern foreign crossing stocking officepromise province topic pocket object modest forest orange college solid comrade con-stant honest across beyond along operate popular copybook officer oxygen possiblyhospital probably poverty politics holiday volleyball horrible communist monitormonument contrary constantly astonish tomorrow communism impossible geography
2．在w，wh，qu等读/w/音的辅音字母（组合）后，a在闭音节中读/?/。 例：watch/w?t?/，quarrel/'kw?r?l/。再如：
what wash want wander Washington quantity wallet wander watchtower what-ever quality swallow 3．o在rr前读作/?/。
例：sorry/'s?ri/，borrow/'b?r?u/，horror/'h?r?/，horrible/'h?r?bl/，sorrow/'s?r?u/，porridge/'p?rid?/，tomorrow/t?'mr?u/
读/u/音的字母（组合）规则
1．在有/b-/、/p-/、/f-/等闭音节词中，u读作/u/。
例：bush/bu?/，bullet/'bulit/。再如：put push pull full full-time 2．在/k/和部分/d/之前，oo读/u/。
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例：foot/fut/，look/luk/。再如：
cook hook book wood good good-looking good-bye handbook notebook songbooktextbook copybook brook wooden 3．ou有时也读/u/。 could/kud/，should/?ud/，would/wud/
读/?/音的字母（组合）规则
1．u在闭音节中读/?/。
例：study/'st?di/，lunch/lvnt/。再如：
up cup cut shut suck duck luck truck thus such much rush brush must trustdust just rub club mud plug judge pulse jump sun fun hunt trunk lucky hurry uglyupper supper suffer butter rubber summer ?ussia dustbin sudden husband sufferingstruggle rubbish publish public subject number under thunder Sunday sunny funnypunish hundred uncle hungry discuss result suddenly republic discussion constructionconductor interrupt
2．部分开音节词及m，n，v，th前，o有时读/?/。 例：ton/t?n/，London/'l?ndn/。再如：
love come some son none one once month front tongue lovely worry cover othermother brother colour thorough stomach dozen nothing comfort sometimes some-where something ?onday money monkey wonder above become among governmentotherwise wonderful discovery
3．oo在d前有时读/?/。 例：blood/bl?d/，flood/fl?d/ 4．ou有时读作/?/。
例：tough/t?f/，touch/t?t/。再如：
young country courage southern cousin double trouble enough rough discouragedsouthern troublesome
读/au/音的字母（组合）规则
1．ou有时读作/au/。
例：about/?'baut/，thousand/'θauznd/等。再如：
plough out shout house mouse south mouth loud proud count pound found soundround ground cloudy trousers outer outward outside mountain without throughoutaloud around surround announce pronounce
2．ow有时读作/au/。
例：now/nau/，power/'pau?/。再如：
cow how how crowd town down brown tower shower flower powder allowpowerful
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读/?i/音的字母（组合）规则
1．oi读作/?i/。
例：boil/b?iil/，poison/'p?i izn/。再如：choice voice noise oil soil join poisonous point disappointed 2．oy读作/?i /。boy/b?i/，joy/d?i/，toy/t?i，voyage/'v?id/
读/a：/音的字母（组合）规则
1．ar读作/a：/。
例：hard/ha：d/，regard/ri'ga：d/。再如：
car far star sharp start park dark mark march card hard yard starve charge largearm farm harm army party farther market Arctic artist harvest pardon gardon harmful regark remark artlcle Antarctic department
2．在字母组合ance，and和ant中（即a在n前），a有时读作/a：/。（英国发音） chance/t?a：ns/，dance/da：ns/。再如： France plant demand command advanced
3．在字母组合ask，ass，asp，ast中（即a在s前），a多读作/a：/。 例：pass/pa：s/，class/kla：s/。再如：
glass gasp grasp past cast fast last ask task master basket glasses classroomgrassland basketball 4．在字母组合aft和ath中（即a在ft和th前）a常读作/a：/。
例：path/pa：θ/，bath/ba：θ/。再如：father rather afternoon afterward（s） 5．字母组合al和au有时读作/a：/。
例：half/ha：f/，calm/ka：m/，laugh/la：f/，aunt/a：nt/
读/?：/音的字母（组合）规则
1．or读作/?：/。
例：order/'?：d/，morning/'m?：ni/。再如：
nor port sort short sport fork force horse north sword form storm corn bornforty storey border corner normal northern portrait forward horseback report supportrecord toward organize important recorder fortunately ordinary
2．ore读作/?：/。
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例：shore/??：/，more/m?：/，store/st?：/，score/sk?：/，before/bi'f?：/ 3．our读作/?：/。
例：pour/p?：/，four/f?：/。再如：
fourth your course court yours mourn resource 4．oar读作/?：/。
例：board/b?：d/，aboard/?'b?：d/ 5．oor读作/?：/。
例：door/d?：/，floor/fl?：/
6．ough读作/?：/（即ou在gh前读/?：/）。 例：ought/?：t/，thought/θ?：t/ 7．au读作/?：/。
例：cause/k?：z/，author/'?：θ?/再如：
daughter autumn August launch fault naughty pause 8．aw读作/?：/。
例：law/l?：/，jaw/d??：/。再如： draw sawmill hawk lawyer drawing crawl 9．在k或l前，al读作/?：/。 例：all/?：l/，call/k?：l/。再如：
fall hall tall talk chalk walk ball wall small recall wallet 10．a在字母组合al中读作/?：/（即al读/?：l/）。 例：almost already also although altogether always 11．oa读作/?：/。
broad/br?：d/，broadcast/br?：dkst/ 12．ar读作/?：/。
例：warm/w?：m/，war/w?：/。再如：
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