WORDS & EXPRESSIONS
grasp
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳grasp的意思及用法。 1. They failed to grasp the importance of his words.
2. A short opening paragraph helps the reader to grasp what the article is about. 3. Alan grasped the handle and pulled it.
4. She grasped any opportunity to improve her English. 5. Steve has a good grasp of the European legal system.
6. Luke took her arm in a firm grasp and led her through the gate. 【自我归纳】grasp既可作动词也可作名词。
★作动词时，意为：①________（其后可接名词或从句）（句1、句2）；②抓牢，抓紧（句3）；③急忙抓住，毫不犹豫地抓住（机会）（句4）。 ★作名词时，意为：①理解（力），领会（常用短语：a good grasp of sth.）（句5）；②紧抓，紧握，控制（句6）。
【拓展】常见的含grasp的短语还有： ★grasp at尽力抓住
★within sb.’s grasp为某人力所能及的，为某人所能理解的 ★beyond sb.’s grasp为某人力所不能及的，为某人所不能理解的 【即学即练】翻译下面句子。 1. 我抓住了去国外工作的机会。
_______________________________________________________ 2. 安弄不明白该如何去做。
_______________________________________________________ 3. 吉姆热情地抓住我的手握了起来。
_______________________________________________________ 4. 她有把握获得成功。
_______________________________________________________ 5. 这个男孩德语语法掌握得很好。
_______________________________________________________
turn over
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着选出turn over在下面各句中的意思。 ( ) 1. He’ll turn the shop over to his son when he retires. ( ) 2. The car struck the wall and turned over.
( ) 3. The nurse turned the old man over to wash his back. ( ) 4. Turn over and look at the next page.
( ) 5. Within ten years the theme park was turning over ￡20 million.
( ) 6. Even when she didn’t say anything you could see her turning things over in her mind.
A. 移交，交给
B. （买卖商品）营业额达到，（货物）周转 C. 反转，（使）翻身 D. 翻倒，撞翻 E. 翻页，翻到
F. 认真思考，深思熟虑
【拓展】常见的含turn的短语还有： ★turn to向……求助
★turn out出席（某项活动）；结果是，证明是 ★turn down拒绝；把……调低，关小
★turn up被找到，被发现；开大，调高（音量、热量等） 【即学即练】用含turn的短语的正确形式填空。
1. The missing letter eventually ________ inside a book. 2. Lucy ________ a page or two, but was not interested. 3. Henry wanted to help her, but she ________ his offer.
4. They always ________ their father when they are in trouble.
5. The children were ________ the stones to see what lay beneath them.
hesitate
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳hesitate的意思及用法。 1. Justin will not hesitate to take unpopular decisions.
2. Mary was still hesitating about joining / over whether to join the club. 3. I hesitate to ask you, but will you lend me some money?
【自我归纳】通过观察上面的句子，我们发现hesitate是动词，意为“犹豫，踌躇”，后可接动词不定式（句1），也常与介词________或________连用（句2）；hesitate还可意为“觉得也许不该，有疑虑，不愿意”（句3）。 【拓展】
hesitation n. 踌躇，犹豫
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫地做某事 【即学即练】翻译下面句子。 1. 他正在犹豫要不要离开这里。
_______________________________________________________ 2. 露西觉得也许不该接受这样一份礼物。
_______________________________________________________ 3. 汤姆毫不犹豫地满足了我们的要求。
_______________________________________________________
operate
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳operate的意思及用法。 1. That machine isn’t operating properly. 2. Several causes operated to our success.
3. The actress will have to have her eyes operated on. 4. The lift is operated by electricity. 5. The department store is well operated.
【自我归纳】operate可作不及物动词，意为 “________”（句1）；“发生影响，起作用”（句2）；“动手术”（句3），常与________连用。它还可作及物动词，意为“操作，控制”（句4）；“经营，管理”（句5）。
【拓展】operation n. 手术，操作，经营
operator n. 操作员，话务员
【即学即练】将下面句子翻译成汉语。
1. The man who operated the lift saw the accident.
_______________________________________________________ 2. The new drug began to operate not long after it was taken. _______________________________________________________ 3. The doctors operated on her stomach.
_______________________________________________________
respond
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳respond的意思及用法。 1. She never responded to my letter.
2. When asked about the company’s future, the director responded that he remained optimistic.
3. I offered him a drink but he didn’t respond to my offer. 4. He responded with a polite smile but said nothing. 5. Sam responded to my suggestion by laughing.
【自我归纳】respond是动词，意为：①回答，回应（后可与to连用，也可接that从句）（句1、句2）；②作出反应，响应（常与________, with或 by连用）（句3-句5）。 【拓展】response n.意为“反应，响应，回答”，常用短语：in response (to)。如：
The boss’s response to our plan was encouraging.
Twice I put the request to him, but he said nothing in response. The product was developed in response to customer demand. 【即学即练】用适当的介词填空。
1. They are likely to respond positively ________ the President’s request for aid. 2. Eve responded to my greeting ________ hugging me. 3. She responded to my letter ________ a phone call.
4. He always takes the lead in response ________ the government’s calls.
pay off
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳pay off的意思。
1. Her design won first prize in the competition. Years of hard work had at last paid off.
2. His hard work paid off when he got the promotion.
3. I kept 500 dollars to go to pay off the debt on this house. 4. I’ll pay off my debt with this check.
5. Another ten employees have been paid off at the firm.
6. When the building was completed, Lee paid off the workers. 【自我归纳】pay off意为：①________（句1、句2）；②偿还掉，付掉（句3、句4）；③付掉工资予以解雇（句5、句6）。 【拓展】常见的含pay的短语还有： pay back偿还，报复 pay up偿还（欠款），付（该付的）钱
pay for付……的钱，赔偿，为……付代价，吃亏
【即学即练】选用以上合适的短语并用其正确形式填空（每个短语限用一次）。
1. All those years of struggles have finally ________; I got the position. 2. You’ve acted foolishly and you’ll ________ it.
3. I decided not to ________ that boy who broke my bike.