议论文写作
议论文是论证某一正确的观点、看法和主张或者批驳某一错误的观点、看法和主题的文章。其目的是为了阐述某一思想，说服读者接受作者的观点和主张，采取某一行动，或改变读者的行为。议论文的目的是为了以理服人，所以它的语言要求必须准确、严密、有说服力，不说无用或无根据的话。
议论文包括三个主要方面：论点、论据和论证。议论文的论点必须有可争论性，这样才能引起讨论，它是议论文的灵魂；其次，论据要充实、可靠，可以使用例子、数据、专家或权威人士的评判等客观的事例来证明和支持论点，它是议论文的躯干；再次，议论文的论证必须严谨，避免各种无根据的假设和错误的三段论，合乎逻辑。可使用的方法有分析、对比、举例、归纳、演绎、反证等。
议论文类型在英语考试中常考的议论文类型有以下六种：
对比选择型议论文（pros and cons）
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of should parents Send Their Kids to Art Classes? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 现在有不少家长送孩子参加各种艺术班； A. 对这种做法有人表示支持， B. 有人并不赞成； C. 我认为…
1.文章布局
第一段 指出某种问题，现象；
第二段 说明人们看法不一致，有些人认为，其他人认为…… 第三段 表明自己的看法。 2.常用句式 （1）开头句式
① There is a widespread phenomenon that …
② Recently, the problem /issue of … has aroused people’s concern. ③ Nowadays, …..has become a problem we have to face.
（2）引出观点的不同句式
① People’s views on… vary from person to person. Some hold that…. However, others believe that….
② Different people hold different attitudes toward …. Some people hold the view that..., while others….
结尾句式
① As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that…
② In my opinion, I think it necessary to…. The reasons are as follows. First, …. Second, …. Last but not least, ….
③ It is difficult to say whether…is good or not in general as it depends on the situation of…however, from a personal point of view
There is a growing tendency nowadays that an increasing number of people send their children to register and attend a great variety of arts courses, such as dancing, calligraphy and musical instruments training. etc. The attitudes of people towards this phenomenon vary from person to person.
A majority of people think that it is a good phenomenon. In their views, there are two factors contributing to this attitude: in the first place, these practices are of great necessity and benefits to students. In the second place, it can have an all-round development by acquiring knowledge and skills which are not taught in their schools. While the rest hold the other side of the picture, for one thing, these courses would bring about heavy burdens to students. For another thing, they worry about that students might not have adequate time to take a rest and reflect on what they have learned in school.
Weighing the pros and cons of these arguments above, I am inclined to agree with the idea that kids should attend to art classes. It is not only because it can make their life colorful, but also because it can be helpful in their rest life and work.
问题解决型议论文（problem and solution）
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How to Improve Students’ Mental Health. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 大学生的心理健康十分重要。 B. 因此，学校可以…… C. 我们自己应当……
文章布局
第一段 描述背景； 第二段 说明危害； 第三段 说明解决方法。
常用句式 开头句式
① It is well-known to us that…（我们都知道……）=As far as my knowledge is concerned, …（就我所知……）
② Recently the problem of… has been brought into focus. =Nowadays there is a
growing concern over … （最 近……问题引起了关注）
③ Nowadays, …has become a problem we have to face. （现今，……已成为我们不得不面对的问题）
说明危害的过渡语
① Obviously, if we don’t control the problem, the chances are that…will lead us in danger.
（很明显，如果我们不能控制这一问题，很有可能我们会陷入危险）
② No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that … （毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，否则我们很可能会……）
③ It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation… （很紧迫的是应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展） 解决方法的过渡句
① It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).（该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了）
② There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of…（毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足 够重视）
③ As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem. There are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, ____途径一_____. In addition, another way contributing to the success of solving problem is _____途径二_____.
With the advancement of society and the development of economy, many things change dramatically. For example, the past several years have witnessed the appearance of a not uncommon social phenomenon that more and more students having mental problem.
The problem mentioned above is bound to generate severe consequences if we keep turning a blind eye to it. First and foremost, it will do harm to the study of these students. Moreover, it may cause disasters to these students without effective measures.
Confronted with such problem, effective measures must be taken before things getting worse. In the first place, universities can build up some organizations for the young to ease their attention. In the second place, teachers may pay more attention to find them who are physically strong but have potential psychological problems in advance. In addition, we students can also free ourselves from mental illness by taking certain precautions. With these measures taken, it is reasonable for us to believe that the problem will be solved in the near future