冲压模具设计毕业外文翻译@中英文翻译@外文文献翻译 - 图文

双动式压力机是用于钣金零件的拉深加工。此种类型的压力机有一个外滑块(压边圈),并且有一个切断的内滑块(冲头夹紧器)。在加工工作循环期间,压边圈首先与零件接触,然后施加压力使冲头夹紧器进行适当零件拉深(见图9)。

图9 典型通用压力机

三动式压力机具有和双动式压力机相同的内、外滑块。另外,三动式压力机床身还有另一个滑块,它可向上运动,从而在一个冲压循环中实现反向拉伸。三动式压力机应用不是很广泛。

肘杆式压力机是用于压印加工。这装置的设计是在冲压行程的末端以很高压力。此种压力机利用一个曲柄(曲柄带动违节运动,连节是由两个在上死点到下死点之间进行摆动的连杆组成,连杆摆动时间很短).在临近冲程底部时慢速移动的滑块具有功率很大的短距离位移。液压机主要是用于成形加工工序中,相比大多散机械式压力机,它有一个比较长的工作周期。液压机的优点足工作压力、冲程和滑块的速度均是可调的(见图10)。

图10 典型液压机

液压机属于压力限定型的成形机械,液压机的主要用途体现在沿滑块路径外力是必须保持恒定或处于精确摊制锋成形技术领域中。活塞与液压缸的驱动机构是用线性方式实现的,并且直接.连接到滑块。液压机框架结构的形式是非常类似于机械式力机。液压驱动装置易于安装在机械框架结构中。因此几种液压机驱动很容易就被制成复杂成形与切断加工(拉深、挤压、切断、模锻等)的单一机械,并且所要求的运动可以容易地定位,弯扳机除了它的长床身之外基本是与开式压力机棚同的,床身长度可为6~20英尺(1.8~6米)或更长,它基本上是用在尺寸大的钣金零件上的各种类型的弯曲加工成形,它也可以使用不同整套的刀具分别进行浅冲孔、切口与成形(见图11)。这就可以使零件仅通过把复杂的零件分成几个简单的加工工序实现由复杂设计到精确制造的过程,且没有使用昂贵的冲制刀具。此种类型加工工序用于小批量生产或试样零件。

图11 典型弯板机

使用带有简单央具的弯扳机可以容易地对钣金进行弯曲。弯板机使用一个用在机械或液压饥上的长模具,适用于小批量生产。模具简单,适于各种类型的成形加工,而且,加工工序很容易实现自动化。弯板机的模具材料可以是硬木(用于低强度材料与小批量生产),也可以是硬质合金材料。大多数应用中,一般是使用碳钢或灰铸铁材料模具。

附件2:外文原文

Stamping Die Design

The wide variety of sheet metal parts for both the automobile and electronic industries is produced by numerous forming processes that fall into the generic category of \forming\Sheet-metal forming ( also called stamping or pressing )is often carried out in large facilities hundreds of yards long.

It is hard to imagine the scope and cost of these facilities without visiting an automobile factory, standing next to the gigantic machines, feeling the floor vibrate, and watching heavy duty robotic manipulators move the parts from one machine to another. Certainly, a videotape or television special cannot convey the scale of today's automobile stamping lines. Another factor that one sees standing next to such lines is the number of different sheet-forming operations that automobile panels go through. Blanks are created by simple shearing, but from then on a wide variety of bending, drawing, stretching, cropping , and trimming takes place, each requiring a special, custom-made die.

Despite this wide variety of sub-processes, in each case the desired shapes are achieved by the modes of deformation known as drawing, stretching, and bending. The three modes can be illustrated by considering the deformation of small sheet elements subjected to various states of stress in the plane of the sheet. Figure 1 considers a simple forming process in which a cylindrical cup is produced from a circular blank.

Figure 1 Sheet forming a simple cup

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