B. With these stereotypes in mind, one has, no wonder, attributed_
III. Translate the following into English 1. 在评价一个人的时候，把其外表与内涵割裂开来的做法是弊病多端的。对于这一点，受到传统偏见歧视的女性们所经历的漫长的即可笑又可悲的历史是最重要的见证。人们往往先把女人描绘成容貌的细心保养者，然后又把她们贬低为浅薄无知。这可是个赤裸裸的陷阱，一个历史悠久的陷阱。要走出这个陷阱，女人们可得与那被其视为完美与特权的美貌保持一定必要的距离，要远得足以看清，在多大程度上，美被抽掉了内涵，来支撑 “女性美”的神话。我们应该采取措施，使美貌不会成为女性独一无二的特征。这样，女性才能获得真正的美，实现自身的解放。
2. 精心打扮对于女性来说，绝不仅仅是一种乐趣，而且还是一种义务，是她的工作。如果一位女性从事真正的社会工作，即使她已经在政治、法律、医药、商业或其他方面通过努力奋斗登上了领导岗位，她仍然不得不承认自己依然为了保持女性的魅力而努力。然而，只要她为了保持女性的魅力而努力，她就使自己办事客观，职业能力强，权威性高，深谋远虑的能力大打折扣。无论是打扮还是不打扮自己，女人都要受到咒骂，真是左右为难。
3. 对于古希腊人来说，美是一种美德：一种完美的品质。那时候的人被认为是我们现在又羡慕又妒忌地称为 “完人”的人。如果古希腊人真要区分人的内在美和外在美的话，他们仍然认为内在美将会为另一方面的美所匹配。追随苏格拉底的那些出身高贵的雅典青年却发现这样一个矛盾的事实：他们所崇拜英雄是如此充满智慧，如此勇敢，如此可敬可亲而又富有魅力——但却又是如此其貌不扬。其实，苏格拉底丑陋的外貌本身就是他的一个主要教育方式——以此来启发那些天真单纯，但无疑是仪表非凡的追随者：生活本身是充满矛盾的。
4. 他们也许没有接受苏格拉底的教诲，但是我们却愿意遵从。几千年后的今天，我们对美的各方面的定义更加严谨的了。我们不但轻而易举地把内在美（也就是性格智力）和外在美｛也就是外貌｝截然分开，而且当我们发现一个可人儿竟然也会如此聪慧、有才而又善良时，我们会惊讶不已。
IV. Cloze
0ne could hardly ask for more important evidence of the dangers of (1)c persons as split between (2)w is “inside” and what is “outside” (3)t that interminable half-comic half-tragic tale, the oppression of women. How easy it is to start off by (4)d____ women as caretakers of their surfaces, and (5)t to disparage them (or find them adorable) (6)f being “superficial.” It is a crude trap, and it has worked for too long. But to get out of the (7)t requires that women get some critical distance (8)f that excellence and privilege which is beauty, enough (9)d to see how much beauty itself has been abridged in order to prop up the mythology of the ?feminine.” There should be a way of saving beauty from (10)w --- and for them.
They may have resisted Socrates? lesson. We (11)d not. Several thousand years (12)l , we are (13)m wary of the enchantments of beauty. We not (14)o split off --- with the greatest (15)f --- the “inside” (character, intellect) (16)f the “(17)o ” (looks); but we are actually (18)s when someone who is (19)b is (20)a_______ intelligent, talented, good. From:
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V. Proofreading:
The following passages contain several errors each, each line with a maximum of one error. And ATTENTION, some lines might be free from error. In each case only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct the errors in the following way: For the Greeks, beauty was a virtue: a kind of excellence. 1.Persons were assumed to be what we now have to call --- 1. 2.lamely, enviously ---the whole persons. If it did occur to 2. 3.the Greeks to distinguish a person?s “inside” from 3. 4.“outside,” they still expected that inner beauty would be 4. 5.matched by the beauty of the other kind. The well-born 5. 6.young Athenians who gathered around Socrates found 6. 7.quite paradoxical that as their hero was so intelligent, so 7. 8.brave, so honorable, so seductive --- and so ugly. One of 8. 9.Socrates? main pedagogical act was to be ugly — and 9. 10.teach those innocent, no doubt splendid-looking disciple of 10. his how full of paradoxes life really was. Text II Rewrite the following
For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning.
1. A well-accepted linguistic principle is that as culture changes so will the language.
The language will change with culture,________________ 2. A person working constantly with language is likely to be aware of how really deep-seated sexism is in our communication system.
Sexism is really deep-seated in our communication system, which__________ 3. Every night that I didn?t have anything more interesting to do, I read myself to sleep making a card for each entry that seemed to tell something about male and female.
Having nothing _____________________________________ 4. Perhaps the feeling was that the women had to trade in part of their femininity in exchange for their active or masculine role.
The women perhaps felt _______________________________ 5.This is in the way it is with dozens of words which have male and female counterparts.
It is also in case ____________________________________
References to the exercises
Text I
I. Paraphrase
From:
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M. A. Miller, pp. 266—269
1. what we have to call--lamely, enviously--whole persons: helplessly 2. it was quite paradoxical: seemingly self-contradictory 3.seductive: charming 4. One of Socrates' main pedagogical acts was to be ugly: teaching 5. we are more wary of the enchantments of beauty: careful about the different aspects of overall excellence
6. We …split of--with the greatest facility--the \ \ 7. the central place of beauty in classical ideas of human excellence: ancient Greek and Roman
8. Christianity set beauty adrift: out of control 9. an alienated, arbitrary, …enchantment:, strange and capricious
10. Associating beauty with women has put beauty even further on the defensive, morally: questionable in value
11. Catholic countries…still retain some vestiges: traces
12.of the pagan admiration for beauty:, ancient Greek and Roman 13.to the detriment of the notion of beauty: which is harmful to 14.in the throes of advanced feminist awareness: agonizing struggle 15.everybody has identified being feminine with caring about how one looks: considered being feminine as
16.the way…encourages narcissism: excessive self-admiration 17.which is identified with caring about what one is and does: one's social position and one's achievement
18.Given these stereotypes,…beauty enjoys…a rather mixed reputation: The association of beauty with nice looks, dependence and inability rather than intellect and success gives it 19.What is accepted by most women as a flattering idealization of their sex: pleasing way of making their sex idealized
20.a way of making women feel inferior to what they actual are--or normally grow to be: their actual value --or their potential value
21.each in turn is submitted to an anxious, fretful, often despairing scrutiny: complaining, often despairing care of themselves
22.some pass muster: are accepted as satisfactory 23.good looks is a whole, something taken in at a glance: understood roughly 24.perfection is considered trivial--almost unmanly: lacking man's quality 25.a small imperfection or blemish is considered positively desirable: mark that spoils beauty is considered really worth having
26.the depreciation of women…is implied: scorn on
27.the power of beauty is not one that can be chosen freely…or renounced without social censure: rejected without social expression of blame or disapproval
28.To preen, for a woman, can never be just a pleasure: To make up looks carefully 29.Damned if they do--women are. And damned if they don't: Women are damned if they care about their looks, and also damned if they don't care about their looks
30.the dangers of considering persons as split between what is \and what is \judging persons by refusing to consider both \and \beauty
31.the interminable half-comic half-tragic tale, the oppression of women: endless both
From:
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M. A. Miller, pp. 266—269
laughable and lamentable history of the oppression of women by social prejudices against women
32.to disparage them for being \33.women should get some critical distance from that excellence and privilege which is beauty: disassociate themselves from the notion beauty as far as possible
34.to see how much beauty itself has been abridged in order to prop up the mythology of the \of what women should be like
35.There should be a way of saving beauty from women--and for them: something we can do so that beauty will not be an exclusive superficial feature of women, and women will be beautiful in the true sense of the world
II. Rewrite the following
1. In spite of the Greeks? distinction between a person?s “inside” and “outside”, they still expected that inner beauty would be matched by beauty of the other kind. 2. Under the influence of Christianity, beauty was deprived of its central place in classical ideals of human excellence. 3. The notion of beauty was deviated—as an alienated, arbitrary, superficial enchantment, when Christianity limited excellence to moral virtue only. 4. It is more reliable for beauty to be doubted and attacked morally if it is associated with women. 5. A. Assuming that one has these stereotypes, it is no wonder that beauty enjoys, at best, a rather mixed reputation. B. With these stereotypes in mind, one has, no wonder, attributed at best a rather mixed reputation to beauty.
III. Translate the following into English
1. 0ne could hardly ask for more important evidence of the dangers of considering persons as split between what is “inside” and what is “outside” than that interminable half-comic half-tragic tale, the oppression of women. How easy it is to start off by defining women as caretakers of their surfaces, and then to disparage them (or find them adorable) for being “superficial.” It is a crude trap, and it has worked for too long. But to get out of the trap requires that women get some critical distance froth that excellence and privilege which is beauty, enough distance to see how much beauty itself has been abridged in order to prop up the mythology of the ?feminine.” There should be a way of saving beauty from women --- and for them.
2. To preen, for a woman, can never be just a pleasure. It is also a duty. It is her work. If a woman does real work --- and even if she has clambered up to a leading position in politics, law, medicine, business, or whatever --- she is always under pressure to confess that she still works at being attractive. But in so far as she is keeping up as one of the Fair Sex, she brings under suspicion her very capacity to be objective, professional, authoritative, thoughtful. Damned if they do --- women are. And damned if they don?t. 3. For the Greeks, beauty was a virtue: a kind of excellence. Persons then were assumed to be what we now have to call --- lamely, enviously --- whole persons. If it did occur to the Greeks to distinguish between a person?s “inside” and “outside,” they still expected that
From:
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M. A. Miller, pp. 266—269