英国文学简史复习资料(整理版)

I. Old English Literature & the Late Medieval Ages

贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons

Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里?乔叟1340(?)~1400 The father of English poetry.

① 坎特伯雷故事集：

first time to use ?heroic couplet?(双韵体) by middle English ②特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 ③ 声誉之宫

II The Renaissance Period

A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.

Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world. Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:

1. new discoveries in geography and astrology

2. the religious reformation and economic expansion 3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture The most famous dramatists:

Christopher Marlowe William Shakespeare Ben Johnson.

William Shakespeare威廉?莎士比亚1564~1616

① Historical plays: Henry VI 亨利六世; Henry IV : Richard III 查理三

世; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII

②Four Comedies: 皆大欢喜; 第十二夜;

< A Midsummer Night?S Dream>仲夏夜之梦; 威尼斯商人

③Four Tragedies: 哈姆莱特; 奥赛罗;

李尔王; 麦克白

④Shakespeare Sonnet :154

Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg

A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in

iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.

⑤ the comedy of errors 错中错， Titus Andronicus泰特斯·安特洛尼克斯，The Taming of the shrew 驯悍记 Love's labour's lost （爱的徒劳） Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶 Much ado about nothing（无事生非）The merry wives of Windsor. 温莎的风流娘们 King John 约翰王

All's well that ends well 终成眷属 Measure for measure（一报还一报）

Bacon: Of Studies; Of Beauty; Of Marriage and Single Life English

Bourgeois Revolution，学术的推进 III：the period of the English bourgeois revolution.

Milton：1608~1674

Paradise Lost; Samson Agonistes (力士参孙); On the morning of Christ’s Nativity，复乐园我的失明论出版自由为英国人民声辩

Bunyan: 1628~1688

①Religionary Allegory:天路历程

Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinner; the Holy War

John Don: the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).

Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）

The Flea; 跳蚤 Forbbiding Mourning， Songs And Sonnets歌与十四行诗，emergent occasions 突变引起的诚念 Hely sonnets

IV The 18th Century：Enlightenment

A revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained

emotion(抑制情感) and accuracy

The Age of Enlightenment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality&science(the 18th century)

小说崛起：In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised(realistic novel现实主义小说) Gothic novel(哥特式小说)：mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century)

Jonathan Swift乔纳森?斯威夫特1667~1745

（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。） ① 格列佛游记(fictional work) Four parts:

Lilliput 小人国 Brobdingnag 大人国 Flying Island 飞岛 Houyhnhnm 马岛

一个小小的建议 ② 书战

③ 木桶的故事

④ 一个麻布商的书信 ⑤ Bickerstaff Almanac 比克斯塔福历书

Daniel Defoe丹尼尔?笛福1660~1731

（小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。）He is the first writer study of the lower-class people, his language is

smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel.

① 鲁宾逊漂流记

It praise the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan.

Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life.