● I’m, you’re, she’s, they’re, there’s, he’s, who’s
● We ’ve, he’ll, she’d, she’ll, she’s, they’d, they’ve, they’ll ● Can ’t, weren’t, won’t, aren’t, wouldn’t, shouldn’t ● Gotta, gonna
5. 弱读问题
托福听力过程中的弱读问题 （1） 介词弱化：
● stay at home, do it for fun, come from China, go in the house, a cup of coffee, the train to
Paris
（2） 代词弱化：
● Phone us when you are free. ● I’ve lost my book. （3） 连词弱化：
● Please give me some cream and sugar. ● Either Tom or Peter can come. 如何解决弱读问题 6. 英美音差异问题
托福听力过程中的英美音问题 （1） 【r 】音问题 ● Idea, really
● They weren’t at the dorm last night.
(A They went to the dormitory. (B They didn’t go to the dormitory. ● -The snow is really coming down, isn’t it?
-Rarely do we have so much snow in December. -What does the man mean? (A it is typical December weather for this region. (B such a large amount of snow is unusual for this month. （2） 【o 】【a:】
● Glass, class, fast ● Hot, box, rock （3） 其他情况 ● Neither
如何解决英美音问题
● 常见易混音：Course-cause, once more-one small, career-Korea, worse-was, bore-ball,
door-doll, core-call, tear-tea, short-shot
● 不加儿化音的词：China, Australia, banana, wall
● 常见英美音不同读法：Neither, either, record, cupboard, cassette, garage, laboratory, adult,
ordinarity, secretary, dictionary 7. 词性变音问题
托福听力过程中的词性变音问题
● Method- methodically
● 校园词汇的变音：meterology, economics, geography 如何解决词性变音问题 ● Company-companion, library-librarian, geography-geographical, ignore-ignorant, photo-photographer-photographic, declare-declaration, economy-economic-economical, invite-invitation, technology-technological, type-typical, wild-wildness
8. 缩写问题
托福听力过程中的缩写问题 ● Sitcom ● Chem lab ● prof 如何解决词性缩写问题
● Intro. Course = introductory course 导论性课 Demo = demonstration 演示Memo =
memorandum 备忘录Info. = Information 信息 Expo = exposition 博览会Chem.= chemistry 化学 Comm. = commerce 商业 Tech = technology 技术 Ad.= advertisement 广告Dorm = dormitory 寝室 M.A. = Master of Arts 文学硕士 M.S. = Master of Science 理学硕士 B.A. =Bachelor of Arts文学士 B.S. = Bachelor of Science理学士alga = algebra 代数学、代数 anat = anatomy 解剖学、解剖 archit = architecture 建筑学、建筑 arith = arithmetic 算术、算术 astron
= astronomy 天文学、天文eng = engineering工程学、工程 electr = electricity电学、电 fin = finance 财政学、财政 geol = geology 地质学、地质 geom = geometry 几何学、几何 gram = grammar 文法 hist = history历史、史 ling = linguistics语言学、语言 maths = mathematics数学、数学 mech = mechanics 机械学、机械 med = medical医学、医 met = meteorology气象学、气象 myth = mythology 神话 phil = philosophy哲学 phon = phonetics 语言学、语言 photo = photography摄影术、摄影
phys = physics物理学、物理 physiol = physiology生理学、生理 pol = politics政治学、政治 psych = psychology心理学、心理
9. 数字问题
托福听力过程中的数字问题
● 逗号原则 ● 1,234,567,890:
● ＝: equal to, the same as ● ≠: difference
● ↑: increase, promote, enhance, improve ● ↓: decrease, fall, worsen
● ＋: plus, add, besides, moreover ● －: minus, deduct, except ● →: result in, lead to
● ←: originate from, date back to
● √: correct, good, positive, affirmative ● ×: wrong, bad, mistaken, negative ● ☆: outstanding, elite
● ∵: because, owing to, thanks to, since, as
● ∴: therefore, consequently, as a result, so, hence ● ∑: total, amount ● γ: government 缩写
● able BL: PRBL， RSBL ， DBL ● ing G: SHPG ● tion N: OPTN， NAN ● ment T: AGRMT ● ize Z: RCGNZ， OGNZ ● tive TV: EFCTV， ● ful FL: SCFL ● less LS: RGDLS ● ent/ant T: URGT ● al/ial L: ARVL
练习 Sample Script:
American universities have been offering classes online through computers for a number of years. Now, some newly created colleges are offering academic degrees online. One university offers both bachelor’s degrees and master’s degrees. Official say they try to provide students with a social experience as well as an educational one. For example, in some programs, groups of the same six students progress through all their classes together. They communicate by computer. Another online school uses a problem-solving method of teaching. Students attempt to solve real problems in their classes online instead of reading information.