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The radio can now be tuned to the emergency frequency of the band on which the DSC alert was sent for transmission of the urgency message. The format of an urgency message is: Pan Pan. The words Pan Pan indicate that the message is an urgency message, and as such, it should have priority over all but distress traffic. In the case of a request for medical assistance, the signal is Pan Pan Medico. Note that this is for medical assistance. A request for medical advice is not a Pan Pan. Address - All messages except distress must be addressed to somebody. A general call, perhaps for a tow, would be addressed to 'all stations'. A Pan Pan Medico is more likely to be addressed to a specific Coast Station, but under some circumstances that too could be addressed to 'all stations'. Identity - You must identify yourself in all transmissions. Any station that has received your urgency call on DSC has received your MMSI number as part of the call, so your identity should include the MMSI number as well as the name and call-sign of your vessel. Position - This may have been included in the DSC call, but it should be repeated here. If somebody is to help you, they need to know where you are. As in the distress message, your position as a distance and bearing from a prominent landmark may mean more to the receiving station than a latitude and longitude. Assistance - State what assistance is needed. Over - Terminate the message with Pan Pan, name of your vessel and call-sign, and the word 'over', so the other stations know you have finished, and they can respond. Once communications have been established with a suitable station, the subsequent traffic will normally transfer off the emergency frequency onto a working channel. If the communication is on VHF and the traffic is inter-ship, then channel 6 could be used. If the communication is with the Coastguard, then they will probably transfer operations to channel 67 in the UK or 22A in the USA. A Coast Station will move communications to
one of their working channels. 2=11
When the vessel approaches her designated berth at minimum steerage way, the approach to the quay is made at the smallest possible angle. With a heaving line the hawser is pulled from the vessel onto the embankment by line-handlers. The spring is fastened to a bollard, and while the engine is on half astern, the warping drum picks up the slack. To prevent the line from being fouled, the hawser or spring is led through the fairlead. The ship is then maneuvered along the embankment and fastened to bollards by headlines, stern lines, breast lines and springs.
When leaving berth, casting off orders, engine room orders and helm orders are given by the pilot or the master. After having started the engine, the first order is \letting go!\will become possible to handle the hawser. The next casting off order will then be: \away\that can then be given depends on how the vessel has been berthed, and on the prevailing weather condition and currents. 3=24
Weather-conditions have a great influence on the safety during a voyage and should always be taken into consideration in voyage-planning and when underway.
The state of the atmosphere is determined by various meteorological elements, such as temperature, humidity, cloudiness and fog, forms of precipitation, barometric pressure, and speed and direction of wind. All these elements may be referred to as \Humidity refers to the amount of water vapour in the air. Warm air is capable of containing a higher grade of moisture, or humidity, than cold air. The maximum amount of moisture that air can hold at a specific temperature is known as \
Most clouds are the result of a rising mass of cool air. When the temperature of air falls, water vapour in the air will condense into droplets or ice crystals, thus forming clouds or fog 4=
All wheel orders given should be repeated by the helmsman and the officer of the watch shouldensure that they are carried out correctly and immediately. All wheel orders should be held untilcountermanded. The helmsman should report immediately. If the vessel does not answer the wheel,when there is concern that the helmsman is inattentive he should be questioned: \ 5=22
Maritime communication comprises communication between vessels and coast-stations, inter-ship communication and intraship communication (internal communication when the vessel is before casting off, leaving berth, loading or discharging, etc.).
Vessels and coast-stations can communicate by means of RadioTelephony, Satellite, Digital Selective Calling (DSC) and Radio-Telex .
Categories of messages that can be transmitted and received are called 'priorities'. They indicate the importance of the message.
A DISTRESS ALERT indicates that there is serious and immediate danger for vessel, crew and passengers. A Distress Alert is also referred to as a 'MAYDAY'.
An URGENCY message indicates that there is serious danger for vessel, crew and passenger. An Urgency Message is also referred to as a 'PAN PAN' message.
A SAFETY message indicates that there is imminent risk for navigation. A Safety Message is also referred to as a 'SECURITE' message.
A ROUTINE message is transmitted to ensure safe navigation. Routine messages refer to intership communication, exchange of data in port operations, communication between