绮惧績鏁寸悊
绗叓绔犳按婧舵恫
8-1
鐜伴渶
1200
鍏?/p>
80%
锛堣川閲忓垎鏁帮級鐨勯厭绮句綔婧跺墏銆傚疄楠屽瀛樻湁娴撳害涓?/p>
70%
鐨勫洖鏀堕厭绮惧拰
95%
鐨勯厭
绮撅紝搴斿悇鍙栧灏戣繘琛岄厤缃紵
瑙ｏ細浠ょ敤娴撳害涓?/p>
70%
鐨勯厭绮?/p>
X
鍏嬶紝
95%
鐨勯厭绮?/p>
Y
鍏嬨�?/p>
锛?/p>
70%X+95%Y
锛?/p>
/
锛?/p>
X+Y
锛夛紳
80%
鈶?/p>
X+Y
锛?/p>
1200
鈶?/p>
鐢扁憼鈶″緱锛?/p>
X
锛?/p>
720Y
锛?/p>
480
鎵�浠ュ簲鍙?/p>
70%
鐨勫洖鏀堕厭绮?/p>
720
鍏嬶紝
95%
鐨勯厭绮?/p>
480
鍏嬨�?/p>
8-2
涓嬪垪鍚勭鍟嗗搧婧舵恫閮芥槸甯哥敤璇曞墏锛岃瘯璁＄畻瀹冧滑鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑閲忔祿搴﹀拰鎽╁皵鍒嗘暟锛?/p>
锛?/p>
1
锛夋祿鐩愰吀鍚?/p>
HCl37%
锛堣川閲忓垎鏁帮紝涓嬪悓锛?/p>
锛屽瘑搴?/p>
1.19g/mL
銆?/p>
锛?/p>
2
锛夋祿纭吀鍚?/p>
H
2
SO
4
98%
锛屽瘑搴?/p>
1.84g/mL
銆?/p>
锛?/p>
3
锛夋祿纭濋吀鍚?/p>
HNO
3
70%
锛屽瘑搴?/p>
1.42g/mL
銆?/p>
锛?/p>
4
锛夋祿姘ㄦ按鍚?/p>
NH
3
28%
锛屽瘑搴?/p>
0.90g/mL
銆?/p>
瑙ｏ細
锛?/p>
1
锛夋牴鎹?/p>
c
锛?/p>
n/V
锛?/p>
m/MV
锛?/p>
蟻蠅
/M
鎵�浠?/p>
c
锛?/p>
HCl
锛夛紳
(1.19g/mL脳
37%脳
10
3
)/(36.5g/mL)
锛?/p>
12.06molL
锛?/p>
1
鍥犱负
100g
婧舵恫涓惈
37gHCl
锛?/p>
鎵�浠?/p>
蠂
锛?/p>
HCl
锛夛紳
)
(
)
(
)
(
2
O
H
n
HCl
n
HCl
n
飥?/p>
=
18
/
)
37
100
(
)
5
.
36
/
37
(
5
.
36
/
37
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
脳
100
%鈮?/p>
22.46%
锛?/p>
2
锛夊悓鐞?/p>
c
锛?/p>
H
2
SO
4
锛夛紳
蟻蠅
/M
锛濓紙
1.84g/mL脳
98%脳
10
3
锛?/p>
/(98g/mol)
锛?/p>
18.4molL
锛?/p>
1
蠂
锛?/p>
H
2
SO
4
锛?/p>
=
)
(
)
(
)
(
2
4
2
4
2
O
H
n
SO
H
n
SO
H
n
飥?/p>
=
18
/
)
98
100
(
)
98
/
98
(
98
/
98
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
脳
100%
锛?/p>
90%
(3)
鍚岀悊
c(HNO
3
)
锛?/p>
蟻蠅
/M
锛?/p>
(1.42g/mol脳
70%脳
10
3
)/(63g/mol)
鈮?/p>
15.78molL
锛?/p>
1
蠂
锛?/p>
HNO
3
锛夛紳
)
(
)
(
)
(
2
3
3
O
H
n
HNO
n
HNO
n
飥?/p>
=
18
/
)
70
100
(
)
63
/
70
(
63
/
70
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
脳
100%
锛?/p>
40%
(4)
鍚岀悊
c(NH
3
)
锛?
)
(
)
(
)
(
2
3
3
O
H
n
NH
n
NH
n
飥?/p>
=
18
/
)
28
100
(
)
17
/
28
(
17
/
28
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
脳
100%
锛?/p>
29.17%
8-3
濡備綍灏?/p>
25
鍏?/p>
NaCl
閰嶅埗鎴愯川閲忓垎鏁颁负
0.25
鐨勯鐩愭按婧舵恫锛?/p>
瑙ｏ細浠ゅ姞姘?/p>
X
鍏嬶紝渚濋鎰忓緱
0.25=25/(25+X),
鎵�浠?/p>
X
锛?/p>
75
鍏?/p>
鎵�浠ュ姞姘?/p>
75
鍏嬶紝浣?/p>
25
鍏?/p>
NaCl
閰嶆垚
25%
鐨勯鐩愭按銆?/p>
8-4
鐜版湁
100.00mLNa
2
CrO
4
楗卞拰婧舵恫
119.40g
锛屽皢瀹冭捀骞插悗寰楀浐浣?/p>
23.88g
锛岃瘯璁＄畻锛?/p>
锛?/p>
1
锛?/p>
Na
2
CrO
4
婧惰В搴︼紱