绗竴绔?/p>
鍖栧鐑姏瀛﹀熀纭�
1.4
缁冧範棰?/p>
1.4.1
鍒ゆ柇棰?/p>
1
锛?/p>
鍙�嗙殑鍖栧鍙嶅簲灏辨槸鍙�嗚繃绋嬨�?/p>
2
锛?/p>
Q
鍜?/p>
W
涓嶆槸浣撶郴鐨勬�ц川锛屼笌杩囩▼鏈夊叧锛屾墍浠?/p>
Q
+
W
涔熺敱杩囩▼鍐冲畾銆?/p>
3
锛庣創鐨勫畾涔夊紡
H = U + pV
鏄湪瀹氬帇鏉′欢涓嬫帹瀵煎嚭鏉ョ殑锛屾墍浠ュ彧鏈夊畾鍘嬭繃绋嬫墠鏈夌創鍙樸�?/p>
4
锛庣創鐨勫鍔犻噺
DH
绛変簬璇ヨ繃绋嬩腑浣撶郴浠庣幆澧冨惛鏀剁殑鐑噺銆?/p>
5
锛庝竴涓粷鐑繃绋?/p>
Q
= 0
锛屼絾浣撶郴鐨?/p>
DT
涓嶄竴瀹氫负闆躲�?/p>
6
锛庡浜庝竴瀹氶噺鐨勭悊鎯虫皵浣擄紝娓╁害涓�瀹氾紝鐑姏瀛﹁兘鍜岀創涔熼殢涔嬬‘瀹氥�?/p>
7
锛庢煇鐞嗘兂姘斾綋浠庡鎬佺粡瀹氭俯鍜屽畾瀹逛袱杩囩▼杈剧粓鎬侊紝杩欎袱杩囩▼鐨?/p>
Q
銆?/p>
W
銆?/p>
DU
鍙?/p>
DH
鏄浉绛夌殑銆?/p>
8
锛庝换浣曠墿璐ㄧ殑鐔靛�兼槸涓嶅彲鑳戒负璐熷�煎拰闆剁殑銆?/p>
9
锛庡姛鍙互鍏ㄩ儴杞寲涓虹儹锛屼絾鐑笉鑳藉叏閮ㄨ浆鍖栦负鍔熴�?/p>
10
锛庝笉鍙�嗚繃绋嬬殑鐔靛彉鏄笉鍙眰鐨勩�?/p>
11
锛庢煇涓�杩囩▼鐨勭儹鏁堝簲涓庢俯搴︾浉闄わ紝鍙互寰楀埌璇ヨ繃绋嬬殑鐔靛彉銆?/p>
12
锛庡湪瀛ょ珛浣撶郴涓紝涓�鑷彂杩囩▼鐢?/p>
A鈫払锛屼絾浣撶郴姘歌繙鍥炰笉鍒板師鏉ョ姸鎬併�?/p>
13
锛庣粷鐑繃绋?/p>
Q
= 0
锛屽嵆
锛屾墍浠?/p>
d
S
= 0
銆?/p>
14
锛庡彲浠ョ敤涓�杩囩▼鐨勭喌鍙樹笌鐑俯鐔电殑澶у皬鍏崇郴鍒ゆ柇鍏惰嚜鍙戞�с�?/p>
15
锛庣粷鐑繃绋?/p>
Q
= 0
锛岃�岀敱浜?/p>
DH
=
Q
锛屽洜鑰?/p>
DH
绛変簬闆躲�?/p>
16
锛庢寜
Clausius
涓嶇瓑寮忥紝鐑槸涓嶅彲鑳戒粠浣庢俯鐑簮浼犵粰楂樻俯鐑簮鐨勩�?/p>
17
锛庡湪涓�缁濈儹浣撶郴涓紝姘村悜鐪熺┖钂稿彂涓烘按钂告皵
(
浠ユ按鍜屾按钂告皵涓轰綋绯?/p>
)
锛岃杩囩▼
W
锛?/p>
0
锛?/p>
DU
锛?/p>
0
銆?/p>
18
锛庝綋绯荤粡杩囦竴涓嶅彲閫嗗惊鐜繃绋嬶紝鍏?/p>
DS
浣?/p>
锛?/p>
0
銆?/p>
19
锛庡浜庢皵鎬佺墿璐紝
C
p
锛?/p>
C
V
= n
R
銆?/p>
20
锛?/p>
鍦ㄤ竴缁濈儹浣撶郴涓湁涓�闅旀澘锛?/p>
涓よ竟鍒嗗埆鏄┖姘斿拰鐪熺┖锛?/p>
鎶藉幓闅旀澘锛?/p>
绌烘皵鍚戠湡绌鸿啫鑳�锛?/p>
姝ゆ椂
Q
=
0
锛?/p>
鎵�浠?/p>
DS
=0
銆?/p>
1.4.2
閫夋嫨棰?/p>
1
锛?/p>
273K,
p
q
鏃讹紝鍐拌瀺鍖栦负姘寸殑杩囩▼涓紝涓嬪垪鍏崇郴寮忔纭殑鏈?/p>
.
A
锛?/p>
W
锛?/p>
0
B.
DH
=
Q
P
C.
DH
锛?/p>
0 D.
DU
锛?/p>
0
2
锛庝綋绯绘帴鍙楃幆澧冧綔鍔熶负
160J
锛岀儹鍔涘鑳藉鍔犱簡
200J
锛屽垯浣撶郴
.
A
锛庡惛鏀剁儹閲?/p>
40J B
锛庡惛鏀剁儹閲?/p>
360J
C
锛庢斁鍑虹儹閲?/p>
40J D
锛庢斁鍑虹儹閲?/p>
360J
3.
鍦ㄤ竴缁濈儹绠卞唴锛屼竴鐢甸樆涓濇蹈鍏ユ按涓紝閫氫互鐢垫祦銆傝嫢浠ユ按鍜岀數闃讳笣涓轰綋绯伙紝鍏朵綑涓虹幆
澧冿紝鍒?/p>
.
A
锛?/p>
Q
锛?/p>
0
锛?/p>
W
= 0
锛?/p>
DU
锛?/p>
0 B
锛?/p>
Q
=0
锛?/p>
W
= 0
锛?/p>
DU
锛?/p>
0
C
锛?/p>
Q
= 0
锛?/p>
W
锛?/p>
0
锛?/p>
DU
锛?/p>
0 D
锛?/p>
Q
锛?/p>
0
锛?/p>
W
= 0
锛?/p>
DU
锛?/p>
0
4
锛庝换涓�浣撶郴缁忎竴寰幆杩囩▼鍥炲埌濮嬫�侊紝鍒欎笉涓�瀹氫负闆剁殑鏄?/p>
.
A
锛?/p>
DG
B
锛?/p>
DS
C
锛?/p>
DU
D
锛?/p>
Q
5
锛庡涓�鐞嗘兂姘斾綋锛屼笅鍒楀摢涓叧绯诲紡涓嶆纭?/p>
.
A
锛?/p>
B
锛?/p>
C
锛?/p>
D
锛?/p>
6
锛庡綋鐑姏瀛︾涓�瀹氬緥鍐欐垚
d
U
=
未Q
鈥?/p>
p
d
V
鏃讹紝瀹冮�傜敤浜?/p>
.
A
锛庣悊鎯虫皵浣撶殑鍙�嗚繃绋?/p>
B
锛庡皝闂綋绯荤殑浠讳竴杩囩▼
C
锛庡皝闂綋绯诲彧鍋氫綋绉姛杩囩▼
D
锛庡皝闂綋绯荤殑瀹氬帇杩囩▼
7
锛庡湪涓�缁濈儹閽㈠浣撶郴鍐咃紝鍙戠敓涓�鍖栧鍙嶅簲锛屾俯搴︿粠
T
1
鈫?/p>
T
2
锛屽帇鍔涚敱
p
1
鈫?/p>
p
2
锛屽垯
.
A
锛?/p>
Q
锛?/p>
0
锛?/p>
W
锛?/p>
0
锛?/p>
DU
锛?/p>
0
B
锛?/p>
Q
= 0
锛?/p>
W
锛?/p>
0
锛?/p>
DU
锛?/p>
0
C
锛?/p>
Q
= 0
锛?/p>
W
锛?/p>
0
锛?/p>
DU
锛?/p>
0
D
锛?/p>
Q
= 0
锛?/p>
W
= 0
锛?/p>
DU
= 0
8
锛庣悊鎯虫皵浣撴贩鍚堣繃绋嬩腑锛屼笅鍒椾綋绯荤殑鎬ц川锛屼笉姝ｇ‘鐨勬槸
.
A
锛?/p>
DS
锛?/p>
0 B
锛?/p>
DH
=0 C
锛?/p>
DG
= 0 D
锛?/p>
DU
= 0
9.
浠绘剰鐨勫彲閫嗗惊鐜繃绋嬶紝浣撶郴鐨勭喌鍙?/p>
.
A
锛庝竴瀹氫负闆?/p>
B
锛庝竴瀹氬ぇ浜庨浂
C
锛庝竴瀹氫负璐?/p>
D
锛庢槸娓╁害鐨勫嚱鏁?/p>
10
锛庝竴灏侀棴浣撶郴锛屼粠
A鈫払
鍙樺寲鏃讹紝缁忓巻鍙�嗭紙
R
锛夊拰涓嶅彲閫?/p>
(IR)
閫斿緞锛屽垯
.
A
锛?/p>
Q
R
=
Q
IR
B
锛?/p>
C
锛?/p>
W
R
=
W
IR
D
锛?/p>
11
锛庣悊鎯虫皵浣撹嚜鐢辫啫鑳�杩囩▼涓?/p>
.
A
锛?/p>
W
= 0
锛?/p>
Q
锛?/p>
0
锛?/p>
DU
锛?/p>
0
锛?/p>
DH
=0 B
锛?/p>
W
锛?/p>
0
锛?/p>
Q
=0
锛?/p>
DU
锛?/p>
0
锛?/p>
DH
锛?/p>
0