[
鏍囩
:
鏍囬
]
绡囦竴锛氬寲瀛﹂�変慨
4
銆婂寲瀛﹀弽搴斿師鐞嗐�嬭鍚庝範棰樺拰绛旀
鍖栧閫変慨
4
銆婂寲瀛﹀弽搴斿師鐞嗐�嬭鍚庝範棰樺拰绛旀
绗竴绔?/p>
鍖栧鍙嶅簲涓庤兘閲?/p>
绗簩绔?/p>
绗竴鑺?/p>
鍖栧鍙嶅簲涓庤兘閲忕殑鍙樺寲
P5
涔犻
1.
涓句緥璇存槑浠�涔堝彨鍙嶅簲鐑紝瀹冪殑绗﹀彿鍜屽崟浣嶆槸浠�涔堬紵
2.
鐢ㄧ墿璐ㄧ粨鏋勭殑鐭ヨ瘑璇存槑涓轰粈涔堟湁鐨勫弽搴斿惛鐑紝鏈夌殑鍙嶅簲鏀剧儹銆?/p>
3.
渚濇嵁浜嬪疄锛屽啓鍑轰笅鍒楀弽搴旂殑鐑寲瀛︽柟绋嬪紡銆?/p>
(1)1 mol N2 (g)
涓庨�傞噺
H2
锛?/p>
g
锛夎捣鍙嶅簲锛岀敓鎴?/p>
NH3
锛?/p>
g
锛?/p>
锛屾斁鍑?/p>
92.2 kJ
鐑噺銆?/p>
(2)1 mol N2 (g)
涓庨�傞噺
O2
锛?/p>
g
锛夎捣鍙嶅簲锛岀敓鎴?/p>
NO2
锛?/p>
g
锛?/p>
锛屽惛鏀?/p>
68 kJ
鐑噺銆?/p>
(3)1 mol Cu(s)
涓庨�傞噺
O2
锛?/p>
g
锛夎捣鍙嶅簲锛岀敓鎴?/p>
CuO
锛?/p>
s
锛?/p>
锛屾斁鍑?/p>
157 kJ
鐑噺銆?/p>
(4)1 mol C(s)
涓庨�傞噺
H2O
锛?/p>
g
锛夎捣鍙嶅簲锛岀敓鎴?/p>
CO
锛?/p>
g
锛夊拰
H2 (g)
锛屽惛鏀?/p>
131.3 kJ
鐑噺銆?/p>
(5)
鍗槦鍙戝皠鏃跺彲鐢ㄨ偧锛?/p>
N2H4
锛変綔鐕冩枡锛?/p>
1 mol N2H4(l)
鍦?/p>
O2
锛?/p>
g
锛変腑鐕冪儳锛岀敓鎴?/p>
N2
锛?/p>
g
锛夊拰
H2O
锛?/p>
l
锛?/p>
锛屾斁鍑?/p>
622 kJ
鐑噺銆?/p>
(6)
姹芥补鐨勯噸瑕佹垚鍒嗘槸杈涚兎锛?/p>
C8H18
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
1 mol C8H18 (l)
鍦?/p>
O2
锛?/p>
g
锛変腑鐕冪儳锛岀敓鎴?/p>
CO2
锛?/p>
g
锛?/p>
鍜?/p>
H2O
锛?/p>
l
锛?/p>
锛屾斁鍑?/p>
5 518 kJ
鐑噺銆?/p>
4.
鏍规嵁涓嬪垪鍥惧紡锛屽啓鍑哄弽搴旂殑鐑寲瀛︽柟绋嬪紡銆?/p>
P6
涔犻
1.
涓句緥璇存槑浠�涔堝彨鍙嶅簲鐑紝瀹冪殑绗﹀彿鍜屽崟浣嶆槸浠�涔堬紵
1
銆?/p>
鍖栧鍙嶅簲杩囩▼涓墍閲婃斁鎴栧惛鏀剁殑鐑噺鍙仛鍙嶅簲鐑�傛亽鍘嬫潯浠朵笅锛屽畠绛変簬鍙嶅簲鍓嶅悗鐗?/p>
璐ㄧ殑鐒撳彉銆?/p>
銆佺鍙锋槸螖
H
銆佸崟浣嶆槸
kJ/mol
鎴?/p>
kJ?mol-1
銆備緥濡?/p>
1molH2
锛?/p>
g
锛夌噧鐑э紝鐢?/p>
鎴?/p>
1molH2O
锛?/p>
g
锛?/p>
锛屽叾鍙嶅簲鐑?/p>
H
锛濓紞
241.8kJ/mol
銆?/p>
2.
鐢ㄧ墿璐ㄧ粨鏋勭殑鐭ヨ瘑璇存槑涓轰粈涔堟湁鐨勫弽搴斿惛鐑紝鏈夌殑鍙嶅簲鏀剧儹銆?/p>
2
銆?/p>
鍖栧鍙嶅簲鐨勫疄璐ㄥ氨鏄弽搴旂墿鍒嗗瓙涓寲瀛﹂敭鏂锛屽舰鎴愭柊鐨勫寲瀛﹂敭锛岄噸鏂扮粍鍚堟垚鐢熸垚
鐗╃殑鍒嗗瓙銆傛棫閿柇瑁傞渶瑕佸惛鏀惰兘閲忥紝鏂伴敭褰㈡垚瑕佹斁鍑鸿兘閲忋�傚綋鍙嶅簲瀹屾垚鏃讹紝鑻ョ敓鎴愮墿閲婃斁
鐨勮兘閲忔瘮鍙嶅簲鐗╁惛鏀剁殑鑳介噺澶э紝
鍒欐鍙嶅簲涓烘斁鐑弽搴旓紱
鑻ョ敓鎴愮墿閲婃斁鐨勮兘閲忔瘮鍙嶅簲鐗╁惛鏀剁殑
鑳介噺灏忥紝鍙嶅簲鐗╅渶瑕佸惛鏀惰兘閲忔墠鑳借浆鍖栦负鐢熸垚鐗╋紝鍒欐鍙嶅簲涓哄惛鐑弽搴斻�?/p>
P10
涔犻
1
銆佺噧鐑х儹鏁版嵁瀵圭敓浜с�佺敓娲绘湁浠�涔堝疄闄呮剰涔夛紵
1
銆?/p>
鍦ㄧ敓浜у拰鐢熸椿涓紝
鍙互鏍规嵁鐕冪儳鐑殑鏁版嵁閫夋嫨鐕冩枡銆?/p>
濡傜敳鐑枫�?/p>
涔欑兎銆?/p>
涓欑兎銆?/p>
鐢查唶銆?/p>
涔欓唶銆?/p>
姘㈡皵鐨勭噧鐑х儹鍊煎潎寰堥珮锛屽畠浠兘鏄壇濂界殑鐕冩枡
2
銆佺煶娌硅祫婧愭�绘湁涓�澶╀細鏋锛岀幇鍦ㄥ氨搴旇瀵绘眰搴斿鎺柦銆傜洰鍓嶅凡浣跨敤鐢查唶銆佷箼閱囦綔涓烘苯
娌圭殑浠ｇ敤鍝侊紝杩欐牱鍋氱殑濂藉鏄粈涔堬紵
鍖栫煶鐕冩枡钑磋棌閲忔湁闄愶紝
涓嶈兘鍐嶇敓锛?/p>
鏈�缁堝皢浼氭灟绔紝鍥犳鐜板湪灏卞簲璇ュ鎵惧搴旀帾鏂姐�傛帾鏂戒箣
涓�灏辨槸鐢ㄧ敳閱囥�佷箼閱囦唬鏇挎苯娌癸紝鍐滅墽涓氬簾鏂欍�侀珮浜т綔鐗╋紙鐢樿敆銆侀珮绮便�佺敇钖�佺帀绫崇瓑锛?/p>
銆侀�?/p>
鐢熸爲鏈紙濡傝丹鏉ㄣ�佸埡妲愩�佹鏍戠瓑锛?/p>
锛岀粡杩囧彂閰垫垨楂樻俯鐑垎瑙ｅ氨鍙互鍒堕�犵敳閱囨垨涔欓唶銆傜敱浜庝笂
杩板埗閫犵敳閱囥�佷箼閱囩殑鍘熸枡鏄彲浠ュ啀鐢熺殑锛屽洜姝ょ敤鐢查唶銆佷箼閱囦唬鏇挎苯娌规槸搴?/p>
瀵硅兘婧愬嵄鏈虹殑涓�绉嶆湁鏁堟帾鏂姐�?/p>
3
銆?/p>
鐢ㄦ阿姘斾綔鐕冩枡鏈変粈涔堜紭鐐癸紵鍦ㄥ綋浠婄殑鎶�鏈潯浠朵笅鏈変粈涔堥棶棰橈紵瀹冪殑鍙戝睍鍓嶆櫙濡備綍锛?/p>
姘?/p>
姘旀槸鏈�杞荤殑鐕冩枡锛岃�屼笖鍗曚綅璐ㄩ噺鐨勭噧鐑у�兼渶楂橈紝鍥犳瀹冩槸浼樺紓鐨勭伀绠噧鏂欙紝鍐嶅姞涓婃棤姹℃煋锛?