绗竴绔?/p>
妞嶇墿姘村垎鐢熺悊
涓�銆佸悕璇嶈В閲?/p>
锛堝啓鍑轰笅鍒楀悕璇嶇殑鑻辨枃骞惰В閲婏級
鑷敱姘?/p>
free water
锛氫笉涓庣粏鑳炵殑缁勫垎绱у瘑缁撳悎锛屾槗鑷敱绉诲姩鐨勬按鍒嗭紝绉颁负鑷敱姘淬�傚叾鐗圭偣
鏄弬涓庝唬璋紝鑳戒綔婧跺墏锛屾槗缁撳啺銆傛墍浠ワ紝褰撹嚜鐢辨按姣旂巼澧炲姞鏃讹紝妞嶇墿缁嗚優鍘熺敓璐ㄥ浜庢憾鑳剁姸
鎬侊紝妞嶇墿浠ｈ阿鏃虹洓锛屼絾鏄姉閫嗘�у噺寮便�?/p>
鏉熺細姘?/p>
bound water
锛氫笌缁嗚優鐨勭粍鍒嗙揣瀵嗙粨鍚?/p>
,
涓嶆槗鑷敱绉诲姩鐨勬按鍒嗭紝绉颁负鏉熺細姘淬�傚叾鐗圭偣
鏄笉鍙備笌浠ｈ阿锛屼笉鑳戒綔婧跺墏锛屼笉鏄撶粨鍐般�傛墍浠ワ紝褰撴潫缂氭按姣旂巼楂樻椂锛屾鐗╃粏鑳炲師鐢熻川澶勪簬鍑?/p>
鑳剁姸鎬侊紝妞嶇墿浠ｈ阿娲诲姩鍑忓急锛屼絾鏄姉閫嗘�у鍔犮�?/p>
鐢熺悊闇�姘达細鐩存帴鐢ㄤ簬妞嶇墿鐢熷懡娲诲姩涓庝繚鎸佹鐗╀綋鍐呮按鍒嗗钩琛℃墍闇�瑕佺殑姘寸О涓虹敓鐞嗛渶姘?/p>
鐢熸�侀渶姘达細姘村垎浣滀负鐢熸�佸洜瀛愶紝鍒涢�犱綔鐗╅珮浜ф牻鍩规墍蹇呴渶鐨勪綋澶栫幆澧冩墍娑堣�楃殑姘?/p>
姘村娍
Water potential
锛氭按鍔挎槸鎸囧湪鍚屾俯鍚屽帇鍚屼竴绯荤粺涓紝涓�鍋忔懇灏斾綋绉紙
V
锛夋憾娑诧紙鍚憾
璐ㄧ殑姘达級鐨勮嚜鐢辫兘
(
渭
w
锛変笌涓�鎽╁皵浣撶Н锛?/p>
V
锛夌函姘寸殑鑷敱鑳?/p>
(
渭
0
w
)
鐨勫樊鍊?/p>
(
螖渭
w
)
銆?/p>
唯
w=(
渭
w
/
V
w
) -
锛埼?/p>
0
w
锛?/p>
V
w
锛?/p>
=(
渭
w
-
渭
0
w
)
锛?/p>
V
w
=
螖渭
w
锛?/p>
V
w
妞嶇墿缁嗚優鐨勬按鍔挎槸鐢辨憾璐ㄥ娍銆佸帇鍔涘娍銆佽‖璐ㄥ娍鏉ョ粍鎴愮殑銆?/p>
婧惰川鍔?/p>
Solute potential
銆佹笚閫忓娍
Osmotic potential
锛氱敱浜庢憾璐ㄧ殑瀛樺湪鑰岄檷浣庣殑姘村娍锛?/p>
瀹冨彇鍐充簬缁嗚優鍐呮憾璐ㄩ绮?/p>
(
鍒嗗瓙鎴栫瀛?/p>
)
鎬诲拰銆?/p>
鍜屾憾娑叉墍鑳戒骇鐢熺殑鏈�澶ф笚閫忓帇鏁板�肩浉绛夛紝
绗﹀彿
鐩稿弽銆?/p>
鍘嬪姏鍔?/p>
pressure potential
锛氱敱浜庣粏鑳炶啫鍘嬬殑瀛樺湪鑰屾彁楂樼殑姘村娍銆備竴鑸负姝ｅ�硷紱鐗规畩鎯呭喌
涓嬶紝鍘嬪姏鍔夸細绛変簬闆舵垨璐熷�笺�傚鍒濆璐ㄥ鍒嗙鏃讹紝鍘嬪姏鍔夸负闆讹紱鍓х儓钂歌吘鏃讹紝缁嗚優鐨勫帇鍔涘娍
浼氬憟璐熷�笺�?/p>
琛川鍔?/p>
matric potential
锛氱粏鑳炲唴鑳朵綋鐗╄川锛堝铔嬬櫧璐ㄣ�佹穩绮夈�佺粏鑳炲鐗╄川绛夛級瀵规按鍒嗗惛
闄勮�屽紩璧锋按鍔块檷浣庣殑鍊笺�?/p>
涓鸿礋鍊笺�?/p>
鏈舰鎴愭恫娉＄殑缁嗚優鍏锋湁鏄庢樉鐨勮‖璐ㄥ娍锛?/p>
宸插舰鎴愭恫娉＄殑缁嗚優
鐨勮‖璐ㄥ娍寰堝皬锛?/p>
-0.01MPa
宸﹀彸锛夊彲浠ョ暐鑰屼笉璁°�?/p>
鎵╂暎浣滅敤
diffusion
锛?/p>
浠讳綍鐗╄川鍒嗗瓙閮芥湁浠庢煇涓�娴撳害杈冮珮鐨勫尯鍩熷悜鍏堕偦杩戠殑娴撳害杈冧綆鐨勫尯鍩?/p>
杩佺Щ鐨勮秼鍔匡紝杩欑鐜拌薄绉颁负鎵╂暎銆?/p>
娓楅�忎綔鐢?/p>
osmosis
锛氭寚婧跺墏鍒嗗瓙锛堟按鍒嗗瓙锛夐�氳繃鍗婇�忚啘鐨勬墿鏁ｄ綔鐢ㄣ�?/p>
鍗婇�忚啘
semipermeable
membrane
锛氭槸鎸囦竴绉嶅叿鏈夐�夋嫨閫忚繃鎬х殑鑶滐紝濡傚姩鐗╄唨鑳便�佽殨璞嗙鐨�?/p>
閫忔瀽琚嬬瓑銆傜悊鎯崇殑鍗婇�忚啘鍙厑璁告按鍒嗗瓙閫氳繃鑰屼笉鍏佽鍏跺畠鐨勫垎瀛愰�氳繃銆?/p>
鍚歌儉浣滅敤
Imbibition
锛?/p>
鏄翰姘磋兌浣撳惛姘磋啫鑳�鐨勭幇璞°�?/p>
鍙笌鎴愬垎鏈夊叧锛?/p>
铔嬬櫧璐?/p>
>
娣�绮?/p>
>
绾ょ淮绱?/p>
>
>
鑴傜被銆?/p>
璞嗙妞嶇墿绉嶅瓙鍚歌儉鐜拌薄闈炲父鏄捐憲銆?/p>
鏈舰鎴愭恫娉＄殑妞嶇墿缁嗚優锛?/p>
濡傞骞茬瀛愩�佸垎鐢熺粏鑳炰富
瑕侀潬鍚歌儉浣滅敤銆?/p>
浠ｈ阿鎬у惛姘?/p>
Metabolic absorption of water
锛氬埄鐢ㄧ粏鑳炲懠鍚搁噴鏀惧嚭鐨勮兘閲忥紝浣挎按鍒嗛�氳繃
璐ㄨ啘鑰岃繘鍏ョ粏鑳炵殑杩囩▼鈥斺�斾唬璋㈡�у惛姘淬�?/p>
璐ㄥ鍒嗙
Plasmolysis
锛?/p>
楂樻祿搴︽憾娑蹭腑锛?/p>
妞嶇墿缁嗚優娑叉场澶辨按锛?/p>
鍘熺敓璐ㄤ綋涓庣粏鑳炲鍒嗙鐨勭幇璞°�?/p>
璐ㄥ鍒嗙澶嶅師
Deplasmolysis
锛氫綆娴撳害婧舵恫涓紝妞嶇墿缁嗚優娑叉场鍚告按锛屽師鐢熻川浣撲笌缁嗚優澹侀噸鏂?/p>
鎺ヨЕ鐨勭幇璞°�?/p>