1
绗?/p>
15
绔?/p>
宸ュ叿鍙橀噺浼拌涓庝袱闃舵鏈�灏忎簩涔樻硶
鍦ㄦ湰绔犱腑锛屾垜浠繘涓�姝ョ爺绌跺鍏冨洖褰掓ā鍨嬩腑鐨?/p>
鍐呯敓瑙ｉ噴鍙橀噺
锛?/p>
endogenous explanatory variable
锛夐棶棰樸�?/p>
鍦ㄧ
3
绔犱腑锛屾垜浠帹瀵煎嚭锛岄仐婕忎竴涓噸瑕佸彉閲忔椂
OLS
浼拌閲忕殑鍋忚锛涘湪绗?/p>
5
绔犱腑锛屾垜浠鏄庝簡鍦?/p>
閬楁紡鍙橀噺
锛?/p>
omitted variable
锛夌殑鎯呭喌涓嬶紝
OLS
閫氬父鏄潪涓�鑷存�х殑銆傜
9
绔犲垯璇佹槑浜嗭紝瀵规湭瑙傛祴鍒扮殑瑙ｉ噴鍙橀噺缁欏嚭閫傚疁
鐨勪唬鐞嗗彉閲忥紝鑳芥秷闄わ紙鎴栬嚦灏戝噺杞伙級閬楁紡鍙橀噺鍋忚銆備笉骞哥殑鏄紝鎴戜滑涓嶆槸鎬昏兘寰楀埌閫傚疁鐨勪唬鐞嗗彉閲忋�?/p>
鍦ㄥ墠涓ょ珷涓紝鎴戜滑瑙ｉ噴浜嗗瓨鍦ㄤ笉闅忔椂闂村彉鍖栫殑閬楁紡鍙橀噺鐨勬儏鍐典笅锛屽缁煎垪鏁版嵁濡備綍鐢ㄥ浐瀹氭晥搴斾及璁℃垨
涓�闃跺樊鍒嗘潵浼拌闅忔椂闂村彉鍖栫殑鑷彉閲忕殑褰卞搷銆傚敖绠¤繖浜涙柟娉曢潪甯告湁鐢紝鍙垜浠笉鏄�昏兘鑾峰緱缁煎垪鏁版嵁鐨勩�?/p>
鍗充娇鑳借幏寰楋紝濡傛灉鎴戜滑鐨勫叴瓒ｅ湪浜庡彉閲忕殑褰卞搷锛岃�岃鍙橀噺涓嶉殢鏃堕棿鍙樺寲锛屽畠瀵逛簬鎴戜滑涔熷嚑鏃犵敤澶勶細涓�闃跺樊
鍒嗘垨鍥哄畾鏁堝簲浼拌鎺掗櫎浜嗕笉闅忔椂闂村彉鍖栫殑鍙橀噺銆傛澶栵紝杩勪粖涓烘鎴戜滑宸茬爺绌跺嚭鐨勭患鍒楁暟鎹硶杩樹笉鑳借В鍐充笌
瑙ｉ噴鍙橀噺鐩稿叧鐨勯殢鏃堕棿鑰屽彉鍖栫殑閬楁紡鍙橀噺鐨勯棶棰樸�?/p>
鍦ㄦ湰绔犱腑锛屾垜浠鍐呯敓鎬ч棶棰橀噰鐢ㄤ簡涓�涓笉鍚岀殑鏂规硶銆備綘灏嗙湅鍒板浣曠敤宸ュ叿鍙橀噺娉曪紙
IV
锛夋潵瑙ｅ喅涓�涓?/p>
鎴栧涓В閲婂彉閲忕殑鍐呯敓鎬ч棶棰樸�傚氨搴旂敤璁￠噺缁忔祹瀛︿腑绾挎�ф柟绋嬬殑浼拌鑰岃█锛屼袱闃舵鏈�灏忎簩涔樻硶锛?/p>
2SLS
鎴?/p>
TSLS
锛夋槸绗簩鍙椾汉娆㈣繋鐨勶紝浠呮浜庢櫘閫氭渶灏忎簩涔樸�?/p>
鎴戜滑涓�寮�濮嬪厛璇存槑锛屽湪瀛樺湪閬楁紡鍙橀噺鐨勬儏鍐典笅锛屽浣曠敤
IV
娉曟潵鑾峰緱涓�鑷存�т及璁￠噺銆傛澶栵紝
IV
鑳界敤浜?/p>
瑙ｅ喅
鍚宸彉閲?/p>
锛?/p>
errors-in-variable
锛夌殑闂锛岃嚦灏戞槸鍦ㄦ煇浜涘亣瀹氫笅銆備笅涓�绔犲皢璇佹槑杩愮敤
IV
娉曞浣曚及璁¤仈绔?/p>
鏂圭▼妯″瀷銆?/p>
鎴戜滑瀵瑰伐鍏峰彉閲忎及璁＄殑璁鸿堪涓ユ牸閬电収鎴戜滑鍦ㄧ
1
绡囦腑瀵规櫘閫氭渶灏忎簩涔樼殑鎺ㄥ锛屽叾涓亣瀹氭垜浠湁涓�涓潵
鑷熀鏈�讳綋鐨勯殢鏈烘牱鏈�傝繖涓捣鐐瑰緢鍚堜汉鎰忥紝鍥犱负闄や簡绠�鍖栫鍙蜂箣澶栵紝瀹冭繕寮鸿皟浜嗗簲鏍规嵁鍩烘湰鎬讳綋鏉ヨ〃杩?/p>
瀵?/p>
IV
浼拌鎵�鍋氱殑閲嶈鐨勫亣瀹氾紙姝ｅ鐢?/p>
OLS
鏃朵竴鏍凤級
銆傚鎴戜滑鍦ㄧ
2
绡囦腑鎵�绀猴紝
OLS
鍙互搴旂敤浜庢椂闂村簭鍒楁暟
鎹紝
鑰屽伐鍏峰彉閲忔硶涔熶竴鏍峰彲浠ャ�?/p>
绗?/p>
15.7
鑺傝璁?/p>
IV
娉曞簲鐢ㄤ簬鏃堕棿搴忓垪鏁版嵁鏃跺嚭鐜扮殑涓�浜涚壒娈婇棶棰樸�?/p>
鍦ㄧ
15.8
鑺備腑锛屾垜浠皢璁鸿堪鍦ㄦ贩鍚堟í鎴潰鍜岀患鍒楁暟鎹笂鐨勫簲鐢ㄣ�?/p>
15.1
鍔ㄦ満锛氱畝鍗曞洖褰掓ā鍨嬩腑鐨勯仐婕忓彉閲?/p>
闈㈠鍙兘鍙戠敓鐨勯仐婕忓彉閲忓亸璇紙鎴栨湭瑙傛祴鍒扮殑寮傝川鎬э級
锛岃縿浠婁负姝㈡垜浠凡璁ㄨ浜嗕笁绉嶉�夋嫨锛?/p>
锛?/p>
1
锛夋垜浠彲
浠ュ拷鐣ユ闂锛屾壙鍙楁湁鍋忋�侀潪涓�鑷存�т及璁￠噺鐨勫悗鏋滐紱
锛?/p>
2
锛夋垜浠彲浠ヨ瘯鍥句负鏈娴嬪埌鐨勫彉閲忓鎵惧苟浣跨敤涓�涓?/p>
閫傚疁鐨勪唬鐞嗗彉閲忥紱
锛?/p>
3
锛夋垜浠彲浠ュ亣瀹氶仐婕忓彉閲忎笉闅忔椂闂村彉鍖栵紝杩愮敤绗?/p>
`13
涓?/p>
14
绔犱腑鐨勫浐瀹氭晥搴旀垨涓�闃跺樊鍒?/p>
鏂规硶銆傝嫢鑳芥妸浼拌鍊间笌鍏抽敭鍙傛暟鐨勫亸璇柟鍚戜竴鍚岀粰鍑猴紝鍒欑涓�涓洖绛旀槸浠や汉婊℃剰鐨勩�備緥濡傦紝濡傛灉鎴戜滑鑳借
涓�涓鍙傛暟锛堣濡傝亴涓氬煿璁寰�鍚庡伐璧勭殑褰卞搷锛夌殑浼拌閲忔湁鏈濋浂鍋忚
锛屽苟涓旀垜浠壘鍒颁簡涓�涓粺璁′笂鏄捐憲鐨?/p>
姝ｇ殑浼拌鍊硷紝閭ｄ箞鎴戜滑杩樻槸瀛﹀埌浜嗕竴浜涗笢瑗匡細鑱屼笟鍩硅瀵瑰伐璧勬湁姝ｇ殑褰卞搷锛岃�屾垜浠緢鍙兘浣庝及浜嗚褰卞搷銆?/p>
涓嶅垢鐨勬槸锛岀浉鍙嶇殑鎯呭喌缁忓父鍙戠敓锛屾垜浠殑浼拌鍊煎彲鑳藉湪鏁板�间笂澶ぇ浜嗭紝浠ヨ嚧鎴戜滑瑕佸緱鍑轰换浣曟湁鐢ㄧ殑缁撹閮?/p>
闈炲父鍥伴毦銆?/p>
绗?/p>
9.2
鑺備腑璁ㄨ鐨勪唬鐞嗗彉閲忚В涔熻兘鑾峰緱浠や汉婊℃剰鐨勭粨鏋滐紝浣嗗苟涓嶆槸鎬诲彲浠ユ壘鍒颁竴涓ソ鐨勪唬鐞嗐�傝鏂规硶
璇曞浘閫氳繃鐢ㄤ唬鐞嗗彉閲忓彇浠ｄ笉鍙娴嬬殑鍙橀噺锛屾潵瑙ｅ喅閬楁紡鍙橀噺鐨勯棶棰樸�?/p>
鍙︿竴绉嶆柟娉曟槸灏嗘湭瑙傛祴鍒扮殑鍙橀噺鐣欏湪璇樊椤逛腑锛屼絾涓嶆槸鐢?/p>
OLS
浼拌妯″瀷锛岃�屾槸杩愮敤涓�绉嶆壙璁ゅ瓨鍦ㄩ仐婕?/p>
鍙橀噺鐨勪及璁℃柟娉曘�傝繖渚挎槸宸ュ叿鍙橀噺娉曟墍瑕佸仛鐨勩�?/p>
涓句緥鏉ヨ锛岃�冭檻鎴愬勾鍔冲姩鑰呯殑宸ヨ祫鏂圭▼涓瓨鍦ㄦ湭瑙傛祴鍒扮殑鑳藉姏鐨勯棶棰樸�備竴涓畝鍗曠殑妯″瀷涓猴細
,
)
log(
2
1
0
e
abil
educ
wage
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飥?/p>
飦?/p>
飦?/p>
飦?/p>
鍏朵腑
e
鏄宸」銆?/p>
鍦ㄧ
9
绔犱腑锛?/p>
鎴戜滑璇存槑浜嗗湪鏌愪簺鍋囧畾涓嬶紝
濡備綍鐢ㄨ濡?/p>
IQ
鐨勪唬鐞嗗彉閲忎唬鏇胯兘鍔涳紝
浠庤�岄�氳繃
浠ヤ笅鍥炲綊鍙緱鍒颁竴鑷存�т及璁￠噺
)
log(
wage
瀵?/p>
IQ
educ
,
鍥炲綊