璇炬爣鐗?/p>
2021
灞婇珮鑰冨寲瀛︿竴杞涔犺�冪偣鑰冩硶绮剧粌
涓撻鍗佸叓
鐩愮被姘磋В鍜岄毦婧剁數瑙ｈ川鐨?
婧惰В骞宠
鑰冪偣
1
鐩愮被姘磋В鍙婂叾搴旂敤
1
.
[2020
娌冲崡娲涢槼妯℃嫙
]
浠婃湁娴撳害鍒嗗埆涓?/p>
a
mol
路
L
-1
銆?/p>
b
mol
路
L
-1
鐨?/p>
MCl
鍜?/p>
NCl
涓ょ姝ｇ洂鐨勭█婧舵恫
,
涓嬪垪璇存硶涓?
姝ｇ‘鐨勬槸
(
)
A.
鑻?/p>
a
=
b
,
骞舵祴寰椾袱婧舵恫涓殑鎬荤瀛愭祿搴﹀垎鍒负
x
鍜?/p>
y
,
涓?/p>
x
>
y
,
鍒欐祿搴︾浉鍚屾椂
,
纰辨�?/p>
:MOH>NOH
B.
鑻?/p>
a=b
,
骞舵祴寰?/p>
c
(M
+
)=
c
(N
+
)+
c
(NOH),
鍒?/p>
MOH
鏄己纰?/p>
,NOH
鏄急纰?/p>
C.
鑻?/p>
a>b
,
娴嬪緱
c
(M
+
)=
c
(N
+
),
鍒欏彲鎺ㄥ嚭婧舵恫涓?/p>
c
(MOH)>
c
(NOH),
涓旀祿搴︾浉鍚屾椂
,
纰辨�?/p>
:MOH<NOH
D.
鑻ヤ袱婧舵恫绛変綋绉贩鍚?/p>
,
娴嬪緱
c
(M
+
)+
c
(N
+
)+
c
(MOH)+
c
(NOH)=0.1 mol
路
L
-1
,
鍒欏彲鎺ㄥ嚭
a=b
=0.1
2
.
[2020
娌冲寳鍚嶆牎鑱旇�?/p>
]
25 鈩冩椂
,
涓嬪垪鏈夊叧鐢佃В璐ㄦ憾娑茬殑璇存硶閿欒鐨勬槸
(
)
A.
灏?/p>
CO
2
閫氬叆
KOH
婧舵恫涓?/p>
,
褰撶敱姘寸數绂荤殑
c
(H
+
)=10
-7
mol
路
L
-1
鏃?/p>
,
婧舵恫涓竴瀹氬瓨鍦?/p>
c
(K
+
)=2
c
(C
)+
c
(HC
)
B.
鍚?/p>
NH
4
HSO
4
婧舵恫涓姞鍏ョ瓑鐗╄川鐨勯噺鐨?/p>
NaOH
鍚庡舰鎴愮殑婧舵恫涓?/p>
:
c
(Na
+
)=
c
(S
)>
c
(N
)>
c
(H
+
)>
c
(OH
-
)
C.
楗卞拰
AgI
婧舵恫涓庨ケ鍜?/p>
AgCl
婧舵恫鐩告瘮
,
鍚庤�?/p>
c
(Ag
+
)
澶?/p>
D.pH=
a
鐨?/p>
AOH
婧舵恫
,
绋�閲?/p>
10
鍊嶅悗
,
鍏?/p>
pH=
b
,
鍒?/p>
a=b+
1
3
.
[2020
瀹夊窘绀鸿寖楂樹腑鍚嶆牎鑱旇�?/p>
]
甯告俯涓?/p>
,
鍚?/p>
1 L 0.1 mol
路
L
-1
NH
4
Cl
婧舵恫涓笉鏂姞鍏ュ浐浣?/p>
NaOH
鍚?/p>
,N
涓?
NH
3
路
H
2
O
鐨勫彉鍖栬秼鍔垮鍥炬墍绀?/p>
(
涓嶈�冭檻浣撶Н鍙樺寲鍜屾皑鐨勬尌鍙?/p>
)
銆備笅鍒楄娉曚笉姝ｇ‘鐨勬槸
(
)
A.M
鐐瑰搴旀憾娑蹭腑姘寸殑鐢电绋嬪害姣斿師婧舵恫鐨勫皬
B.M
鐐瑰搴旀憾娑蹭腑
,
n
(OH
-
)-
n
(H
+
)=(
a
-0.05) mol
C.
闅忕潃
NaOH
鐨勫姞鍏?/p>
,
涓嶆柇澧炲ぇ
D.
褰?/p>
n
(NaOH)=0.1 mol
鏃?/p>
,
c
(Na
+
)=
c
(N
)+
c
(NH
3
路
H
2
O)
4
.
[2020
鍥涘窛鎴愰兘鎽稿簳娴嬭瘯
]
鍚?/p>
0.1 mol
路
L
-1
浜屽厓寮遍吀
H
2
A
婧舵恫涓淮鍔?/p>
0.1 mol
路
L
-1
NaOH
婧舵恫
,
婧舵恫涓?/p>
H
2
A
銆?
HA
-
銆?/p>
A
2-
鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑閲忓垎鏁?/p>
未
闅?/p>
pH
鐨勫彉鍖栧鍥炬墍绀恒�備笅鍒楄娉曢敊璇殑鏄?/p>
(
)
A.pH=1.9
鏃?/p>
,
c
(Na
+
)<
c
(HA
-
)+2
c
(A
2-
)
B.
褰?/p>
c
(Na
+
)=
c
(H
2
A)+
c
(HA
-
)+
c
(A
2-
)
鏃?/p>
,
婧舵恫
pH>7
C.pH=6
鏃?/p>
,
c
(Na
+
)>
c
(HA
-
)>
c
(A
2-
)>
c
(H
2
A)
D.lg [
K
a2
(H
2
A)]=-7.2