绗竴绔犲悕璇嶈В閲?/p>
1.
鍩哄洜
锛?/p>
gene
锛?/p>
鏄串瀛橀仐浼犱俊鎭殑鏍搁吀
锛?/p>
DNA
鎴?/p>
RNA
锛?/p>
鐗囨锛?/p>
鍖呮嫭缂栫爜
RNA
鍜岃泲鐧借川
鐨勭粨鏋勫熀鍥犱互鍙婅浆褰曡皟鎺у簭鍒椾袱閮ㄥ垎銆?/p>
2.
缁撴瀯鍩哄洜锛?/p>
structural gene
锛?/p>
鎸囧熀鍥犱腑缂栫爜
RNA
鍜岃泲鐧借川鐨勬牳鑻烽吀搴忓垪銆傚畠浠湪
鍘熸牳鐢熺墿涓繛缁帓鍒楋紝鍦ㄧ湡鏍哥敓鐗╀腑鍒欓棿鏂帓鍒椼�?/p>
3.
鏂鍩哄洜锛?/p>
split gene
鐪熸牳鐢熺墿鐨勭粨鏋勫熀鍥犱腑锛岀紪鐮佸尯涓庨潪缂栫爜鍖洪棿闅旀帓鍒椼�?/p>
4.
澶栨樉瀛愶紙
exon
锛?/p>
鎸囧湪鐪熸牳鐢熺墿鐨勬柇瑁傚熀鍥犲強鍏舵垚鐔?/p>
RNA
涓兘瀛樺湪鐨勬牳閰稿簭鍒椼�?/p>
5.
鍐呭惈瀛愶紙
intron
锛?/p>
鎸囧湪鐪熸牳鐢熺墿鐨勬柇瑁傚熀鍥犲強鍏跺垵绾ц浆褰曚骇鐗╀腑鍑虹幇锛屼絾鍦ㄦ垚鐔?/p>
RNA
涓鍓帴闄ゅ幓鐨勬牳閰稿簭鍒椼�?/p>
6.
澶氶『鍙嶅瓙
RNA
锛?/p>
polycistronic/multicistronic RNA
锛?/p>
涓�涓?/p>
RNA
鍒嗗瓙涓婂寘鍚嚑涓?/p>
缁撴瀯鍩哄洜鐨勮浆褰曚骇鐗┿�傚師鏍哥敓鐗╃殑缁濆ぇ澶氭暟鍩哄洜鍜岀湡鏍哥敓鐗╃殑涓埆鍩哄洜鍙浆褰曠敓鎴?/p>
澶氶『鍙嶅瓙
RNA
銆?/p>
7.
鍗曢『鍙嶅瓙
RNA
锛?/p>
monocistronic
RNA
锛?/p>
涓�涓?/p>
RNA
鍒嗗瓙涓婂彧鍖呭惈涓�涓粨鏋勫熀鍥犵殑杞綍
浜х墿銆傜湡鏍哥敓鐗╃殑缁濆ぇ澶氭暟鍩哄洜鍜屽師鏍哥敓鐗╃殑涓埆鍩哄洜鍙浆褰曠敓鎴愬崟椤哄弽瀛?/p>
RNA
銆?/p>
8.
鏍镐笉鍧囦竴
RNA
锛?/p>
heterogeneous
nuclear
RNA,
hnRNA
锛?/p>
鏄湡鏍哥敓鐗╃粏鑳炴牳鍐呯殑杞綍
鍒濆浜х墿锛屽惈鏈夊鏄惧瓙鍜屽唴鍚瓙杞綍鐨勫簭鍒楋紝鍒嗗瓙閲忓ぇ灏忎笉鍧囦竴锛岀粡涓�绯诲垪杞綍鍚?/p>
鍔犲伐鍙樹负鎴愮啛
mRNA
銆?/p>
9.
寮�鏀鹃槄璇绘锛?/p>
open reading frame, ORF
锛?/p>
mRNA
鍒嗗瓙涓婁粠璧峰瀵嗙爜瀛愬埌缁堟瀵嗙爜瀛?/p>
涔嬮棿鐨勬牳鑻烽吀锛堢⒈鍩猴級搴忓垪锛岀紪鐮佷竴涓壒瀹氱殑澶氳偨閾俱�?/p>
10.
瀵嗙爜瀛愶紙
codon
锛?/p>
mRNA
鍒嗗瓙鐨勫紑鏀捐妗嗗唴浠?/p>
5'
鍒?/p>
3'
鏂瑰悜姣?/p>
3
涓浉閭荤殑鏍歌嫹閰?/p>
锛堢⒈鍩猴級
涓轰竴缁勶紝
缂栫爜澶氳偨閾句腑鐨?/p>
20
绉嶆皑鍩洪吀娈嬪熀锛?/p>
鎴栬�呬唬琛ㄧ炕璇戣捣濮嬩互鍙婄炕璇戠粓
姝俊鎭�?/p>