瀹忚缁忔祹瀛﹀涔犺寖鍥?/p>
2011
鍚嶈瘝瑙ｉ噴锛?/p>
娑堣垂鐗╀环鎸囨暟锛?/p>
CPI
锛?/p>
锛氭櫘閫氭秷璐硅�呰喘涔扮殑鐗╁搧涓庡姵鍔℃�昏垂鐢ㄧ殑琛￠噺鏍囧噯
GDP
骞冲噺鎸囨暟锛?/p>
GDP
deflator
锛?/p>
锛氱敤鍚嶄箟
GDP
涓庣湡瀹?/p>
GDP
鐨勬瘮鐜囪绠楃殑鐗╀环姘村钩琛￠噺鎸囨爣銆傚畠浠呬粎鍙?/p>
鏄犵殑鏄墿鍝佷笌鍔冲姟鐨勪环鏍硷紝鑰屼笉鍙嶆槧鐢熶骇鐨勬暟閲忥紙鍚嶄箟
GDP
涓よ�呴兘鍙嶆槧锛岀湡瀹?/p>
GDP
鍙弽鏄犳暟閲忥級
銆?/p>
GDP
骞冲噺鎸囨暟琛￠噺鐩稿浜庡熀骞翠环鏍肩殑鐜版湡鐗╀环姘村钩銆?/p>
绉佷汉鍌ㄨ搫
(private saving)
瀹跺涵鍦ㄦ敮浠樹簡绋庢敹鍜屾秷璐逛箣鍚庡墿涓嬫潵鐨勬敹鍏ャ�?/p>
Y-T-C
鍏叡鍌ㄨ搫
(public saving)
鏀垮簻鍦ㄦ敮浠樺叾鏀嚭鍚庡墿涓嬬殑绋庢敹鏀跺叆銆?/p>
S=Y-C-G
鍙捶璧勯噾甯傚満
Market for loanable funds
鍚戝偍钃勭殑浜哄�熶互鎻愪緵璧勯噾銆佹兂鍊熼挶鎶曡祫鐨勪汉鍊熶互鍊熻捶璧?/p>
閲戠殑甯傚満銆?/p>
涓庡姵鍔￠噺鐨勬洸绾?/p>
鎬婚渶姹傛洸绾?/p>
(aggregate-demand curve)
涓�鏉¤〃绀烘瘡涓�绉嶇墿浠锋按骞虫椂瀹跺涵
,
浼佷笟鍜屾斂搴滄兂瑕佽喘涔扮殑鐗╁搧涓?/p>
鍔冲姟閲忕殑鏇茬嚎
棰勭畻鐩堜綑
(budget surplus)
绋庢敹鏀跺叆澶т簬鏀垮簻鏀嚭鐨勪綑棰?/p>
棰勭畻璧ゅ瓧
(budget deficit)
鏀垮簻鏀嚭寮曡捣鐨勭◣鏀舵敹鍏ョ煭缂?/p>
娴佸姩鎬у亸濂界悊璁?/p>
(theory of liquidity preference)
鍑仼鏂殑鐞嗚
,
璁や负鍒╃巼鐨勮皟鏁翠娇璐у竵渚涚粰涓庤揣甯侀渶姹?/p>
骞宠
涔樻暟鏁堝簲
(multiplier
effect)
褰撴墿寮犳�ц储鏀挎斂绛栧鍔犱簡鏀跺叆
,
浠庤�屽鍔犱簡娑堣垂鏀嚭鏃跺紩璧风殑鎬婚渶姹傜殑棰?/p>
澶栫Щ鍔?/p>
鎸ゅ嚭鏁堝簲
(crowding-out effect)
褰撴墿寮犳�ц储鏀挎斂绛栧紩璧峰埄鐜囦笂鍗?/p>
,
浠庤�屽噺灏戜簡鎶曡祫鏀嚭鏃舵墍寮曡捣鐨勬�婚渶
姹傚噺灏?/p>
鍑嗗閲?/p>
(reserves)
閾惰寰楀埌浣嗘病鏈夎捶鍑哄幓鐨勫瓨娆?/p>
閮ㄥ垎鍑嗗閲戝埗搴?/p>
(fractional-reserve banking)
閾惰鍙妸閮ㄥ垎瀛樻浣滀负鍑嗗閲戠殑鍒跺害
璐у竵涔樻暟
money multiplier
閾惰浣撶郴鐢?/p>
1
缇庡厓鍑嗗閲戞墍浜х敓鐨勮揣甯侀噺銆?/p>
璐у竵涔樻暟鏄噯澶囬噾鐜囩殑鍊掓暟銆傚洜姝ゅ噯澶囩巼瓒婇珮锛屽彲寰呰祫閲戯紙璐у竵渚涚粰锛夊氨瓒婂皯锛岃揣甯佷箻鏁板氨瓒婂皬銆?/p>
鍏呭垎灏变笟浜у嚭
(
鑷劧浜ч噺鐜?/p>
)
闀挎湡鐢熶骇姘村钩鏈夋椂绉颁负娼滃湪浜ч噺鎴栧厖鍒嗗氨涓氫骇閲?/p>
鑷劧浜ч噺鐜?/p>
(natural rate of output):
涓�涓粡娴庡湪闀挎湡涓綋澶变笟澶勪簬鍏舵甯告按骞虫椂杈惧埌鐨勭墿鍝佷笌
鍔冲姟鐨勭敓浜?/p>
绮樻�у伐璧勭悊璁?/p>
鎬讳緵缁欐洸绾垮悜鍙充笂鏂瑰�炬枩鏄洜涓哄悕涔夊伐璧勮皟鏁寸殑缂撴參锛屾垨鑰呰鍦ㄧ煭鏈熶腑鏄矘鎬х殑銆傛煇绉嶇▼搴︿笂锛屽悕
涔夊伐璧勭殑璋冩暣缂撴參鏄敱浜庡伐浜哄拰浼佷笟涔嬮棿鍥哄畾鍚嶄箟宸ヨ祫鐨勯暱鏈熷悎绾︼紝鍙堟槸杩欑鍚堢害涓轰笁骞淬�傝鎯充紒
涓氬緢鎹鏈熺殑鐗╀环姘村钩浜嬪厛鍚屾剰鍚戝叾宸ヤ汉鏀粯鏌愮鍚嶄箟宸ヨ祫銆?/p>
濡傛灉鐗╀环姘村钩闄嶅埌浣庝簬棰勬湡鐨勭墿浠锋按
骞宠�屽悕涔夊伐璧勪粛鐒舵粸鐣欏湪鍘熸潵鐨勪綅缃紝閭ｄ箞瀹為檯宸ヨ祫灏变細涓婂崌鍒颁紒涓氳鍒掓敮浠樼殑姘村钩涔嬩笂銆傜敱浜庡伐
璧勬槸鐢熶骇鎴愭湰鐨勪富瑕佺粍鎴愰儴鍒嗭紝杈冮珮鐨勫伐璧勬剰鍛崇潃浼佷笟鐨勫疄闄呮垚鏈彁楂樹簡锛屼紒涓氬杩欎簺杈冮珮鎴愭湰鐨?/p>
鍙嶅簲鏄墛鍑忓姵鍔紝鐢熶骇杈冨皯鐨勭墿鍝佸拰鍔冲姟銆傛崲鍙ヨ瘽璇达紝鐢变簬宸ヨ祫涓嶈兘鏍规嵁鐗╀环姘村钩杩呴�熻皟鏁达紝杈冧綆
鐨勭墿浠锋按骞冲氨浼氬灏变笟鍜岀敓浜т笉鍒╋紝浣夸紒涓氬噺灏戠墿鍝佸拰鍔冲姟鐨勪緵缁欓噺