瀹炵敤鏍囧噯鏂囨
绮惧僵鏂囨。
100
锛?/p>
鍒嗚В浠ｈ阿
(catabolism)
涔熺О浜ц兘浠ｈ阿锛?/p>
鐢熺墿姘у寲锛?/p>
鏄寚澶у垎瀛愮墿璐ㄥ湪缁嗚優鍐呴檷瑙ｆ垚灏?/p>
鍒嗗瓙鐗╄川锛屽苟浜х敓鑳介噺鐨勮繃绋嬨�?/p>
101
锛庡悎鎴愪唬璋?/p>
(anabolism)
鏄寚鍒╃敤灏忓垎瀛愮墿璐ㄥ湪缁嗚優鍐呭悎鎴愬鏉傚ぇ鍒嗗瓙鐗╄川锛屽苟娑堣�楄兘
閲忕殑杩囩▼銆?/p>
102
锛?/p>
绯栭叺瑙?/p>
(glycolysis)
鏃犳哀鏉′欢涓嬶紝
寮傚吇鐢熺墿闄嶈В钁¤悇绯栫敓鎴愪袱涓笝閰吀骞朵骇鐢熻兘閲?/p>
鐨勮繃绋嬨�傛槸钁¤悇绯栧垎瑙ｄ唬璋㈢殑鍏卞悓閫斿緞銆?/p>
103
锛庡彂閰?/p>
(fermentation)
鏄寚寰敓鐗╃粏鑳炲皢鏈夋満鐗╂哀鍖栭噴鏀剧殑鐢靛瓙鐩存帴浜ょ粰搴曠墿鏈韩鏈?/p>
瀹屽叏姘у寲鐨勬煇绉嶄腑闂翠骇鐗╋紝鍚屾椂閲婃斁鑳介噺骞朵骇鐢熷悇绉嶄笉鍚岀殑浠ｈ阿浜х墿鐨勮繃绋嬨�?/p>
104
锛?/p>
搴曠墿姘村钩纾烽吀鍖?/p>
(substrate
鈥?/p>
level
phosphorylation)
鍙戦叺杩囩▼涓線寰�浼撮殢鐫�涓�浜?/p>
楂樿兘鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鐢熸垚锛岃繖浜涢珮鑳藉寲鍚堢墿鍙互鐩存帴鍋惰仈
ATP
鎴?/p>
GTP
鐨勭敓鎴愩�?/p>
105
锛庡懠鍚?/p>
(respiration)
寰敓鐗╁湪闄嶈В搴曠墿鐨勮繃绋嬩腑锛屽皢閲婃斁鍑虹殑鐢靛瓙浜ょ粰
NAD(P)
鈥欍�?/p>
FAD
鎴?/p>
FMN
绛夌數瀛愯浇浣擄紝鍐嶇粡鐢靛瓙浼犻�掔郴缁熶紶缁欏婧愮數瀛愬彈浣擄紝浠庤�岀敓鎴愭按鎴栧叾浠栬繕鍘熷瀷浜?/p>
鐗?/p>
骞?/p>
閲?/p>
鏀?/p>
鍑?/p>
鑳?/p>
閲?/p>
鐨?/p>
杩?/p>
绋?/p>
銆?/p>
浠?/p>
鍒?/p>
瀛?/p>
姘?/p>
浣?/p>
涓?/p>
鏈�
缁?/p>
鐢?/p>
瀛?/p>
鍙?/p>
浣?/p>
鐨?/p>
绉?/p>
涓?/p>
鏈?/p>
姘?/p>
鍛?/p>
鍚?/p>
(aerobic
respiration)
锛?/p>
浠?/p>
姘?/p>
鍖?/p>
鍨?/p>
鍖?/p>
鍚?/p>
鐗?/p>
浣?/p>
涓?/p>
鏈�
缁?/p>
鐢?/p>
瀛?/p>
鍙?/p>
浣?/p>
鐨?/p>
绉?/p>
涓?/p>
鏃?/p>
姘?/p>
鍛?/p>
鍚?/p>
(anaerobic
respiration)
銆?/p>
106
锛庣數瀛愪紶閫掔郴缁?/p>
(electron transport system)
涓�绯诲垪鑶滅浉鍏崇數瀛愯浇浣擄紝鎶婄數瀛愪紶閫?/p>
缁欐渶缁堢殑鐢靛瓙鍙椾綋锛?/p>
闄や簡娉涢唽涔嬪锛?/p>
鐢靛瓙杞戒綋鍦ㄨ啘涓婄殑鎺掑垪椤哄簭涓鸿繕鍘熺數浣嶆渶璐熷埌鏈�姝ｃ�?/p>
涓�
鑸數瀛愪紶閫掔郴缁熺殑缁勬垚鍙婄數瀛愪紶閫掓柟鍚戜负锛?/p>
NAD(P)
涓�
FP(
榛勭礌铔嬬櫧
)
涓�
Fes(
閾佺～铔嬬櫧
)
涓�
CoQ(
杈呴叾
Q)
涓�
cyt b_Cyt c_Cyt aCyta3
銆?/p>
107
锛庢哀鍖栫７閰稿寲
(oxidative phosphorylation)
鍦ㄧ硸閰佃В鍜屼笁缇ч吀寰幆杩囩▼涓紝褰㈡垚鐨?/p>
NAD(P)H
鍜?/p>
FADH
锛?/p>
锛?/p>
閫氳繃鐢靛瓙浼犻�掔郴缁熷皢鐢靛瓙浼犻�掔粰鐢靛瓙鍙椾綋
(
姘ф垨鍏朵粬姘у寲鎬у寲鍚堢墿
)
锛?/p>
鍚?/p>
鏃跺伓鑱?/p>
ATP
鍚堟垚鐨勭敓鐗╄繃绋嬨�?/p>
108
锛庡反鏂痉鏁堝簲
(Pasteur
effect)
褰撳井鐢熺墿浠庡帉姘ф潯浠惰浆鎹㈠埌鏈夋哀鏉′欢鏃讹紝寰敓鐗╄浆鍚?/p>
鏈夋哀鍛煎惛锛岀硸鍒嗚В浠ｈ阿閫熺巼闄嶄綆銆?/p>
109
锛?/p>
Stickland
鍙嶅簲
(Stickland
reaction)
鏌愪簺寰敓鐗╁埄鐢ㄦ皑鍩洪吀浣滀负纰虫簮銆佽兘婧愬拰姘?/p>
婧愩�?/p>
浠ヤ竴绉嶆皑鍩洪吀浣滀负渚涙阿浣撹�屾哀鍖栵紝
鍙︿竴绉嶆皑鍩洪吀浣滀负鐢靛瓙鍙椾綋琚繕鍘熺殑鐢熺墿姘у寲浜ц兘鏂?/p>
寮忥紝浜ц兘鏁堢巼浣庯紝姣忓垎瀛愭皑鍩洪吀浜х敓
1
涓?/p>
ATP
銆?/p>
110
锛庡寲鑳借嚜鍏昏弻
(chemoautotrophs)
杩樺師
CO
2
鐨?/p>
ATP
鍜岃繕鍘熷姏
[H]
鏄�氳繃杩樺師鎬ф棤鏈哄寲鍚?
鐗?/p>
(NH
4
+
銆?/p>
NO
2
锛?/p>
銆?/p>
H
2
S
銆?/p>
S
0
銆?/p>
H
2
鍜?/p>
Fe
2+
)
鐨勬哀鍖栬�岃幏寰楃殑锛?/p>
浜ц兘閫斿緞鏄哀鍖栫７閰稿寲锛?/p>
涓�鑸负濂芥哀鑿屻�?/p>
111
锛庝笉浜ф哀鍏夊悎浣滅敤
(anoxygenic photosynthesis)
鍙堢О鐜紡鍏夊悎纾烽吀鍖栵紝鍏夊悎缁嗚弻鎵�
鐗规湁銆傚厜鑳介┍鍔ㄤ笅锛岀數瀛愪粠鑿岀豢绱犲垎瀛愬嚭鍙戯紝閫氳繃鐢靛瓙浼犻�掗摼鐨勫惊鐜紝鍙堝洖鍒拌弻缁跨礌锛屾湡闂?/p>
浜х敓
ATP
锛岃繕鍘熷姏鏉ヨ嚜鐜涓殑鏃犳満鍖栧悎鐗╀緵姘紝涓嶄骇鐢熸哀姘斻�?/p>
112
锛庝骇姘у厜鍚堜綔鐢?/p>
(oxygenic photosynthesis)
鍙堢О闈炵幆寮忓厜鍚堢７閰稿寲锛岀豢鑹叉鐗┿�佽椈
绫诲拰钃濈粏鑿屾墍鍏辨湁銆傚厜鑳介┍鍔ㄤ笅锛岀數瀛愪粠鍏夊弽搴斾腑蹇?/p>
I(Ps
I)
鐨勫彾缁跨礌
a
鍑哄彂锛岄�氳繃鐢靛瓙浼?/p>
閫掗摼锛岃繛鍚屽厜鍙嶅簲涓績鈪?/p>
(Ps
鈪?/p>
)
姘寸殑鍏夎В鐢熸垚鐨?/p>
H
鈥欙紝鐢熸垚杩樺師鍔涳紱鍏夊弽搴斾腑蹇冣叀
(Ps
鈪?/p>
)
鐢?/p>
姘寸殑鍏夎В浜х敓姘ф皵鍜岀數瀛愶紝鐢靛瓙閫氳繃鐢靛瓙浼犻�掗摼锛屼紶缁欏厜鍙嶅簲涓績
Ps I
锛屾湡闂寸敓鎴?/p>
ATP
銆?/p>
113
锛庡垵绾т唬璋?/p>
(primary
metabolism)
寰敓鐗╃粏鑳炰粠澶栫晫鍚告敹钀ュ吇鐗╄川锛岄�氳繃鍒嗚В鍜屽悎鎴?/p>
浠ｈ阿锛岀敓鎴愮淮鎸佺敓鍛芥椿鍔ㄦ墍蹇呴渶鐨勭墿璐ㄥ拰鑳介噺鐨勮繃绋嬨�?/p>
114
锛庢绾т唬璋?/p>
(secondary
metabolism)
寰敓鐗╁湪涓�瀹氱殑鐢熼暱鏃舵湡锛屼互鍒濈骇浠ｈ阿浜х墿涓哄墠
浣擄紝鍚堟垚涓�浜涘寰敓鐗╄嚜韬敓鍛芥椿鍔ㄦ棤鏄庣‘鐢熺悊鍔熻兘鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑杩囩▼銆?/p>
115
锛?/p>
鍙嶉鎶戝埗
(feedback
inhibition)
浠ｈ阿閫斿緞鐨勭粓绔骇鐗╁父甯告姂鍒剁涓�姝ュ弽搴旂殑鍙皟鎺?/p>
閰剁殑娲绘�э紝姝よ皟鎺т綔鐢ㄧО涓哄弽棣堟姂鍒躲�?/p>
116
锛庨叾鍚堟垚闃婚亸
(repression
of
enzyme
synthesis)
璋冭妭鍩哄洜浜х敓鐨勯樆閬忚泲鐧藉彲浠ヤ笌鎿?/p>
绾靛厓涓婄殑鎿嶇旱瀛愰儴浣嶇粨鍚堬紝鍥犳鍏抽棴浜?/p>
mRNA
鐨勮浆褰曪紝闃绘浜嗚泲鐧借川鐨勫悎鎴愩�?/p>