NaOH
楂樹簩鍖栧閫変慨
5
绗簲娆″懆鏈涔犫�斿崵浠ｇ儍
涓�锛庡崵浠ｇ儍鐨勭粨鏋勭壒鐐癸細鍗ょ礌鍘熷瓙鏄崵浠ｇ儍鐨勫畼鑳藉洟銆?/p>
C
鈥?/p>
X
涔嬮棿鐨勫叡鐢ㄧ數瀛愬鍋忓悜
X
锛屽舰鎴愪竴涓瀬鎬ц緝寮虹殑鍏?/p>
浠烽敭
,
鍒嗗瓙涓?/p>
C
鈥?/p>
X
閿槗鏂銆?/p>
浜岋紟鍗や唬鐑冪殑鐗╃悊鎬ц川
锛?/p>
1
锛夋憾瑙ｆ�э細涓嶆憾浜庢按锛屾槗婧朵簬澶у鏁版湁鏈烘憾鍓傘�?/p>
锛?/p>
2
锛夌姸鎬併�佸瘑搴︼細
CH
3
Cl
甯告俯涓嬪憟姘旀�侊紝
C
2
H
5
Br
銆?/p>
CH
2
Cl
2
銆?/p>
CHCl
3
銆?/p>
CCl
4
甯告俯涓嬪憟娑叉�佷笖瀵嗗害
> 1 g/cm3
銆?/p>
涓夛紟鍗や唬鐑冪殑鍖栧鎬ц川锛堜互
CH
3
CH
2
Br
涓轰緥锛?/p>
锛?/p>
1
锛夊彇浠ｅ弽搴旓細鈶犳潯浠讹細寮虹⒈鐨勬按婧舵恫锛屽姞鐑?/p>
锛?/p>
R
鈥?/p>
X + H
鈥?/p>
OH
R
鈥?/p>
OH + HX
鈶″寲瀛︽柟绋嬪紡涓猴細
锛?/p>
2
锛変笌
NaOH
閱囨憾娑叉贩鍚堝叡鐑細
鈥?/p>
C
鈥?/p>
C
鈥?/p>
+ NaOH
鈥?/p>
C=C
鈥?/p>
+ NaX + H
2
O
H
X
鍥涳紟鍗や唬鐑冨鐜鐨勬薄鏌?/p>
锛?/p>
1
锛夋盁姘儍鍦ㄥ钩娴佸眰涓細鐮村潖鑷哀
灞傦紝鏄�犳垚鑷哀
绌烘礊鐨勭姜榄佺ジ棣栥�?/p>
锛?/p>
2
锛夋盁姘儍鐮村潖鑷哀灞傜殑鍘熺悊
鈶犳盁姘儍鍦ㄥ钩娴佸眰涓彈绱绾跨収灏勪骇鐢熸隘鍘熷瓙
鈶℃隘鍘熷瓙鍙紩鍙戞崯鑰楄嚟姘х殑寰幆鍙嶅簲锛?/p>
鈶㈠疄闄呬笂姘師瀛愯捣浜嗗偓鍖栦綔鐢?/p>
2
锛庢楠屽崵浠ｇ儍鍒嗗瓙涓崵绱犵殑鏂规硶锛?/p>
X
琛ㄧず鍗ょ礌鍘熷瓙锛?/p>
锛?/p>
1
锛夊疄楠屽師鐞?/p>
锛?/p>
2
锛夊疄楠屾楠わ細鈶犲彇灏戦噺鍗や唬鐑冿紱鈶″姞鍏?/p>
NaOH
婧舵恫锛?/p>
鈶㈠姞鐑叜娌革紱鈶ｅ喎鍗达紱鈶ゅ姞鍏ョ█纭濋吀閰稿寲锛涒懃鍔?/p>
鍏ョ閰搁摱婧舵恫锛涒懄鏍规嵁娌夋穩锛?/p>
AgX
锛夌殑棰滆壊锛堢櫧
鑹层�佹祬榛勮壊銆侀粍鑹诧級鍙‘瀹氬崵鏃忓厓绱狅紙姘�佹捍銆佺锛?/p>
銆?/p>
锛?/p>
3
锛夊疄楠岃鏄庯細鈶犲姞鐑叜娌告槸涓轰簡鍔犲揩姘磋В鍙嶅簲鐨勯�熺巼锛屽洜涓轰笉鍚岀殑鍗や唬鐑冩按瑙ｇ殑闅炬槗绋嬪害涓嶅悓銆?/p>
鈶″姞鍏ョ█
HNO
3
閰稿寲鐨勭洰鐨勶細涓拰杩囬噺鐨?/p>
NaOH
锛岄槻姝?/p>
NaOH
涓?/p>
AgNO
3
鍙嶅簲鐢熸垚鐨勬榛戣壊
Ag
2
O
娌夋穩骞叉壈
瀵瑰疄楠岀幇璞＄殑瑙傚療锛涙楠岀敓鎴愮殑娌夋穩鏄惁婧朵簬绋�纭濋吀銆?/p>
閲忕殑鍏崇郴锛氭嵁
R
鈥?/p>
X
锝?/p>
NaX
锝?/p>
AgX,1 mol
涓�鍗や唬鐑冨彲寰楀埌
1 mol
鍗ゅ寲閾讹紙闄?/p>
F
澶栵級娌夋穩锛屽父鍒╃敤姝ら噺鐨勫叧绯绘潵
瀹氶噺娴嬪畾鍗や唬鐑冦�?/p>
閱囨憾娑?/p>
鈻?/p>