20XX
骞?/p>
12
鏈堣嫳璇瘝姹囧鏈熸湯鑰冭瘯棰樺瀷涓庤姹?/p>
I. Multiple Choice (15*2=30).
(
)
1.
_____________
refers
to
a
general
grammatical
process
which
combines
words
and
affixes to produce alternative grammatical forms of words.
A. Inflection
B. Derivation
C. Prefixing
D. Suffixing
(
鍙ユ灏介噺鍙栬嚜鏁欑涔?/p>
)
1)
Lexicology is the study of the vocabulary or lexicon of a given language. It deals not only
with simple words, but also with complex and compound words.
2)
Morphology is the study of the forms of words and their components. The major purpose of
morphological study is to look at morphemes and their arrangements in word formation.
3)
Semantics
is
the
study
of
meaning.
It
tries
to
explain
and
describe
meaning
in
natural
language.
4)
Etymology is the study of the whole history of words.
5)
Lexicography
involves
the
writing
and
compilation
of
dictionaries,
especially
dealing
with
the principles that underlie the process of compiling and editing dictionaries.
6)
The
word
is
an
uninterruptible
meaningful
unit
of
linguistic
structure
consisting
of
one
or
more morphemes. The main features of words are: 1) a word is a sound or combination of
sounds which we make voluntarily with our vocal equipment; 2) a word is symbolic and used
to stand for something else; 3) the word is an uninterruptible unit; 4) a word has to do with its
social function; 5) a word may consist of one or more morphemes; 6) words are part of the
large communication system we call language; 7) a word occurs typically in the structure of
phrases.
7)
English words can classified into lexical words and grammatical words. Generally speaking,
lexical
words
are
nouns,
verbs,
adjectives,
and
verbs.
Grammatical
words
are
words
like
pronouns,
prepositions,
demonstratives
锛堟寚绀鸿瘝锛?/p>
,
determiners
锛堥檺瀹氳瘝锛?/p>
,
conjunctions,
auxiliary verbs, and so on.
8)
The semantic field theory
takes the view that the vocabulary of a language is not simply a
listing of independent items, but is organized into areas or fields, the members of which are
joined
together
by
some
common
semantic
component,
such
as
the
concept
of
color
or
kinship.
9)
Morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit which may constitute words or parts of words, an
arbitrary union of a sound and a meaning and a linguistic unit that cannot be further analyzed.
10)
Lexeme is an abstract linguistic unit with different variants, a unit of lexical meaning, and it
takes
no
account
of
the
inflectional
endings
it
may
have
or
the
number
of
words
it
may
contain.
11)
Morph refers to any concrete realization of a morpheme in a given utterance.
12)
Allomorphs refer to morphs which are different representations of the same morpheme, the
alternate phonetic and/or spelling forms of the same morpheme.
13)
Bound morphemes are those that must be joined to other morphemes. Free morphemes are
those
that
need
not
be
attached
to
other
morphemes
and
can
occur
by
themselves
as
individual words.
14)
Denotation is defined as the relationship that holds between the lexeme and a whole class of