1
绗竴绔?/p>
鐑姏瀛︾涓�瀹氬緥缁冧範棰?/p>
涓嬩竴绔?/p>
杩?/p>
鍥?/p>
涓�銆佸垽鏂锛堣娉曞鍚︼級锛?/p>
1
锛?/p>
1
锛?/p>
褰撶郴缁熺殑鐘舵�佷竴瀹氭椂锛屾墍鏈夌殑鐘舵�佸嚱鏁伴兘鏈変竴瀹氱殑鏁板�笺�傚綋绯荤粺鐨勭姸
鎬佸彂鐢?/p>
鍙樺寲鏃讹紝鎵�鏈夌殑鐘舵�佸嚱鏁扮殑鏁板�间篃闅忎箣鍙戠敓鍙樺寲銆?/p>
2
锛?/p>
2
锛?/p>
浣撶Н鏄箍搴︽�ц川鐨勭姸鎬佸嚱鏁帮紱
鍦ㄦ湁杩囧墿
NaCl(s)
瀛樺湪鐨勯ケ鍜屾按婧舵恫涓紝
褰撴俯搴︺�佸帇鍔涗竴瀹氭椂锛涚郴缁熺殑浣撶Н涓庣郴缁熶腑姘村拰
NaCl
鐨勬�婚噺鎴愭姣斻�?/p>
3
锛?/p>
3
锛?/p>
鍦?/p>
101.325kPa
銆?00鈩冧笅鏈?/p>
lmol
鐨勬按鍜屾按钂告皵鍏卞瓨鐨勭郴缁燂紝
璇ョ郴缁熺殑鐘舵�佸畬鍏ㄧ‘瀹氥�?/p>
4
锛庝竴瀹氶噺鐨勭悊鎯虫皵浣擄紝褰撶儹鍔涘鑳戒笌娓╁害纭畾涔嬪悗锛屽垯鎵�鏈夌殑鐘舵�佸嚱鏁颁篃瀹?/p>
鍏ㄧ‘瀹氥�?/p>
5
锛庣郴缁熸俯搴﹀崌楂樺垯涓�瀹氫粠鐜鍚哥儹锛岀郴缁熸俯搴︿笉鍙樺氨涓嶄笌鐜鎹㈢儹銆?/p>
6
锛庝粠鍚屼竴濮嬫�佺粡涓嶅悓鐨勮繃绋嬪埌杈惧悓涓�缁堟�侊紝鍒?/p>
Q
鍜?/p>
W
鐨勫�间竴鑸笉鍚岋紝
Q
+
W
鐨?/p>
鍊间竴鑸篃涓嶇浉鍚屻�?/p>
7
锛庡洜
Q
P
= 螖
H
锛?/p>
Q
V
= 螖
U
锛屾墍浠?/p>
Q
P
涓?/p>
Q
V
閮芥槸鐘舵�佸嚱鏁般�?/p>
8
锛庡皝闂郴缁熷湪鍘嬪姏鎭掑畾鐨勮繃绋嬩腑鍚告敹鐨勭儹绛変簬璇ョ郴缁熺殑鐒撱�?/p>
9
锛庡浜庝竴瀹氶噺鐨勭悊鎯虫皵浣擄紝褰撴俯搴︿竴瀹氭椂鐑姏瀛﹁兘涓庣創鐨勫�间竴瀹氾紝
鍏跺樊鍊间篃涓�瀹氥�?/p>
10
锛庡湪
101.325kPa
涓嬶紝1mol l00鈩冪殑姘存亽娓╄捀鍙戜负
100鈩冪殑姘磋捀姘斻�?/p>
鑻ユ按钂告皵鍙涓虹悊鎯虫皵浣擄紝閭ｄ箞鐢变簬杩囩▼绛夋俯锛屾墍浠ヨ杩囩▼螖
U
= 0
銆?/p>
11
锛?/p>
1mol
锛?0.1鈩冦�?/p>
101.325kPa
鐨勬恫鎬佽嫰鍚戠湡绌鸿捀鍙戜负
80.1鈩冦�?/p>
101.325kPa
鐨勬皵鎬佽嫰銆傚凡鐭ヨ杩囩▼鐨勭創鍙樹负
30.87kJ
锛屾墍浠ユ杩囩▼鐨?/p>
Q
= 30.87kJ
銆?/p>
12
锛?/p>
1mol
姘村湪
l01.325kPa
涓嬬敱
25鈩冨崌娓╄嚦
120鈩冿紝鍏?/p>
螖
H
= 鈭?/p>
C
P
,m
d
T
銆?/p>
13
锛庡洜鐒撴槸娓╁害銆佸帇鍔涚殑鍑芥暟锛屽嵆
H
=
f
(
T
,
p
)
锛屾墍浠ュ湪鎭掓俯銆佹亽鍘嬩笅鍙戠敓鐩?/p>
鍙樻椂锛?/p>
鐢变簬
d
T
= 0
锛?/p>
d
p
= 0
锛屾晠鍙緱螖
H
= 0
銆?/p>
14
锛庡洜
Q
p
=
螖
H
锛?/p>
Q
V
=
螖
U
锛屾墍浠?/p>
Q
p
-
Q
V
=
螖
H
-
螖
U
=
螖
(
p
V) = -
W
銆?/p>
15
锛庡崱璇哄惊鐜槸鍙�嗗惊鐜紝褰撶郴缁熺粡涓�涓崱璇哄惊鐜悗锛屼笉浠呯郴缁熷鍘熶簡锛?/p>
鐜涔熶細澶嶅師
銆?/p>
16
锛庝竴涓郴缁熺粡鍘嗕簡涓�涓棤闄愬皬鐨勮繃绋嬶紝鍒欐杩囩▼鏄彲閫嗚繃绋嬨�?/p>
17
锛庤嫢涓�涓繃绋嬩腑姣忎竴姝ラ兘鏃犻檺鎺ヨ繎骞宠 鎬侊紝鍒欐杩囩▼涓�瀹氭槸鍙�嗚繃绋嬨�?/p>
18
锛庤嫢涓�涓繃绋嬫槸鍙�嗚繃绋嬶紝鍒欒杩囩▼涓殑姣忎竴姝ラ兘鏄彲閫嗙殑銆?/p>
19
锛?/p>
1mol
鐞嗘兂姘斾綋缁忕粷鐑笉鍙�嗚繃绋嬬敱
p
1
銆?/p>
V
1
鍙樺埌
p
2
銆?/p>
V
2
锛?/p>
鍒欑郴缁熸墍鍋氱殑鍔熶负銆?/p>
20
锛庢皵浣撶粡缁濈儹鑷敱鑶ㄨ儉鍚庯紝鍥?/p>
Q
=
0
锛?/p>
W
=
0
锛屾墍浠?/p>
螖
U
=
0
锛屾皵浣撴俯搴︿笉鍙樸�?/p>
21
锛?/p>
(
鈭?/p>
U
/
鈭?/p>
V
)
T
= 0
鐨勬皵浣撲竴瀹氭槸鐞嗘兂姘斾綋銆?/p>
22
锛?/p>
鍥犵悊鎯虫皵浣撶殑鐑姏瀛﹁兘涓庝綋绉帇鍔涙棤鍏筹紝
鎵�浠?/p>
(
鈭?/p>
U
/
鈭?/p>
p
)
V
=
0
锛?/p>
(
鈭?/p>
U
/
鈭?/p>
V
)
p
=
0
銆?/p>
23
锛?/p>
鑻ヨ瀹氭俯搴?/p>
T
鏃讹紝
澶勪簬鏍囧噯鎬佺殑绋冲畾鎬佸崟璐ㄧ殑鏍囧噯鎽╁皵鐢熸垚鐒撲负闆讹紝
閭ｄ箞
璇?/p>